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Abstract

Active hazard reporting is a key indicator in preventing workplace accidents and strengthening safety culture, particularly in high-risk industries such as coal port services. This study aimed to analyze internal and external factors associated with active hazard reporting among workers in the coal port services industry. A quantitative cross-sectional study with total sampling was conducted involving all workers (N = 130). Data were collected using a structured questionnaire measuring accident history, unsafe actions, unsafe conditions, supervisor support, performance appraisal, risk level, and hazard reporting activity. Univariate and bivariate analyses were performed using the Chi-Square test. The results showed that 66.2% of workers actively reported hazards. All six variables were significantly associated with reporting activity: accident history (OR = 4.70; p = 0.048), unsafe actions (OR = 3.88; p = 0.014), unsafe conditions (OR = 2.56; p = 0.032), supervisor support (OR = 4.43; p = 0.001), performance appraisal (OR = 3.88; p = 0.009), and risk level (OR = 2.11; p = 0.041). Supervisor support emerged as the most dominant factor in promoting active hazard reporting. These findings confirm that reporting behavior is influenced by the interaction of individual factors, working conditions, and organizational support. This study recommends strengthening the role of supervisors through prompt and transparent feedback on hazard reports, integrating reporting indicators into performance appraisal systems, and providing continuous occupational health and safety (OHS) training.

Keywords: hazard reporting, unsafe action, unsafe condition, supervisor support, coal port industry

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Bahasa Abstract

Keaktifan pelaporan bahaya merupakan indikator penting dalam pencegahan kecelakaan kerja dan penguatan budaya keselamatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis faktor internal dan eksternal yang berhubungan dengan keaktifan pelaporan bahaya pada pekerja di industri jasa pelabuhan batu bara. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain cross-sectional dan total sampling seluruh pekerja (N=130). Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner yang mengukur riwayat kecelakaan kerja, unsafe action, unsafe condition, dukungan atasan, penilaian kinerja, tingkat risiko, dan keaktifan pelaporan. Analisis univariat dan bivariat dilakukan menggunakan uji Chi-Square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 66,2% pekerja aktif melaporkan bahaya. Seluruh variabel yang diteliti berhubungan signifikan dengan keaktifan pelaporan, yaitu riwayat kecelakaan kerja (OR = 4,70; p = 0,048), unsafe action (OR = 3,88; p = 0,014), unsafe condition (OR = 2,56; p = 0,032), dukungan atasan (OR = 4,43; p = 0,001), penilaian kinerja (OR = 3,88; p = 0,009), dan tingkat risiko pekerjaan (OR = 2,11; p = 0,041). Dukungan atasan merupakan faktor paling dominan dalam mendorong keaktifan pelaporan bahaya. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa perilaku pelaporan dipengaruhi oleh interaksi antara faktor individu, kondisi lingkungan kerja, dan dukungan organisasi. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan penguatan peran atasan melalui respons cepat dan transparan terhadap laporan bahaya, integrasi pelaporan dalam sistem penilaian kinerja, serta pelatihan K3 berkelanjutan.

Kata Kunci: pelaporan bahaya, unsafe action, unsafe condition, dukungan atasan, industri pelabuhan batu bara

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