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Abstract

Ethiopia mulai membangun Proyek Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) pada tahun 2011 namun mendapat penolakan dari Mesir. GERD merupakan bendungan milik Ethiopia yang berlokasi di aliran Nil Biru, salah satu sumber utama air Sungai Nil. Ethiopia membangun GERD untuk memperbaiki kondisi negara, sementara Mesir melihat GERD sebagai sebuah ancaman terhadap Sungai Nil di Mesir. Penelitian ini menjelaskan konflik hidropolitik di sungai Nil antara Ethiopia dan Mesir yang disebabkan oleh proyek GERD dan alasan penolakan Mesir terhadap GERD. Metode yang digunakan yaitu studi kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui studi literatur. Untuk mendeskripsikan peristiwa yang terjadi, karya tulis ini menggunakan teori interaksi konflik hidropolitik dan kelangkaan air. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konflik hidropolitik antara Mesir dan Ethiopia disebabkan oleh proyek GERD yang dinilai Mesir telah melanggar Perjanjian Air Nil 1929 dan 1959, Mesir menolak proyek GERD yang menajdi ancaman terhadap ketahanan sumber daya air negara seiring dengan faktor meningkatnya kebutuhan air akibat angka pertumbuhan penduduk, perubahan alam, dan berbagai perubahan yang terjadi di negara hulu. Dalam mencari solusi untuk menyelesaikan konflik, Ethiopia dan Mesir melakukan berbagai upaya yaitu membuat mitra kerjasama, serta berbagai perjanjian yang tidak merugikan pihak manapun.

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