Apparent Porosity and Compressive Strength of Heat-Treated Clay/Iron Sand/Rice Husk Ash Composites over a Range of Sintering Temperatures

Authors

M. Nizar Machmud, Division of Alternative Materials and Components Design, Materials Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Darussalam, Banda Aceh 23111, IndonesiaFollow
Zulkarnain Jalil, Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Darussalam, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
Mochammad Afifuddin, Constructions and Materials Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Darussalam, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia

Abstract

Novel composites of clay/iron sand/rice husk ash (RHA) have been developed. Electric furnace was used to perform heat treatment on the composites to study the effect of sintering temperature on their apparent porosity and compressive strength. Two types of RHA with different bulk density were prepared to gain an understanding of the influence of apparent porosity on compressive strength of the heat-treated composites over a range of sintering temperatures. Heattreated composites, made of clay/iron sand and clay/RHA, were also prepared as a referenced material. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was further performed to comprehensively discuss the role of iron sand on apparent porosity and compressive strength of the heat-treated composites. The results show that the increase of sintering temperature reduces apparent porosity of the heat-treated composites. Reducing on the apparent porosity was then followed by the increase of compressive strength of the heat-treated composites. Compressive strength of the heat-treated composites was not sensitive to the sintering temperature up to 800 °C, and it would be more improved at the sintering temperature above 800 °C. This study concludes that such sintering temperature significantly improved apparent porosity and compressive strength of the composites due to use of iron sand.

Bahasa Abstract

Porositas dan Kuat Tekan dari Komposit Tanah Liat/Pasir Besi/Abu Sekam Padi (ASP) Setelah Menerima Perlakuan Panas pada Beberapa Rentang Temperatur Sintering. Komposit baru yang terdiri atas tanah liat/pasir besi/abu sekam padi (RHA- Rice Husk Ash) telah dikembangkan. Tungku elektrik digunakan untuk memberikan panas pada komposit untuk mempelajari efek suhu pengerasan pada porositas yang nyata dan kekuatan tekan dari komposit tersebut. Dua tipe RHA dengan bobot isi berbeda dipersiapkan untuk mendapatkan pemahaman akan pengaruh porositas yang nyata pada kekuatan tekan dari komposit yang diberi panas berdasarkan kisaran suhu pengerasan. Komposit yang diberikan panas, yang terbuat dari tanah liat/pasir besi dan tanah liat/RHA, juga dipersiapkan sebagai materi yang diacu. Analisis XRD (X-ray diffraction – difraksi X-ray) selanjutnya dilakukan untuk secara komprehensif membahas peran pasir besi pada porositas yang nyata dan kekuatan tekan dari komposit yang diberi panas. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan suhu pengerasan mengurangi porositas yang nyata dari komposit yang diberi panas. Pengurangan pada porositas yang nyata itu kemudian diikuti oleh peningkatan kekuatan tekan dari komposit yang diberi panas. Kekuatan tekan dari komposit yang diberi panas tidaklah peka terhadap suhu pengerasan sampai pada 800 °C, dan keadaan akan lebih baik pada suhu pengerasan di atas 800 °C. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa suhu pengerasan di atas 800 °C secara signifikan memperbaiki porositas yang nyata dan kekuatan tekan dari komposit karena penggunaan pasir besi.

References

K.K. Sadasivuni, Y. Grohens, in: D. Ponnamma, S.

Thomas (Eds.), Non-linear Viscoelasicity of Rubber Composites and Nano Composites, Advances in Polymer Sciences Series, vol. 264, Springer International, Switzerland, 2014, p. 43.

S. Nayak, T.P. Chaki, in: D. Ponnamma, S. Thomas (Eds.), Non-linear Viscoelasicity of Rubber Composites and Nano Composites, Advances in Polymer Sciences Series, vol. 264, Springer International, Switzerland, 2014, p. 135.

D.A. Fares, A.A. Saad, Mat. Technol. 47/4 (2013) 525.

J. Sapkota, M. Poikelispaa, A. Das, W. Dierkes, J.

Vuorinen, Polym. Eng. Sci. 53/3 (2013) 615.

M.A. Rahman, Int. J. Cement Composites Lightweight Concrete. 9/2 (1987) 105.

M.A. Rahman, Mat. Struct. 21/3 (1988) 222.

D. Tonnayopas, P. Tekasakul, S. Jaridgnam, Proc. 2nd Technol. Innov. Sustain. Dev. Conf. (TISD2008), Khon Kaen, Thailand, 2008, p. 36.

M.N. Machmud, Proc. of SNYuBe, Lhokseumawe,

Indonesia, 2013, p. 19 (in Indonesian).

M.N. Machmud, H.Y. Sastra, M. Afifuddin, Final Report for Fundamental Research (in Indonesian), Syiah Kuala University, 2013, Unpublished.

M. Afifuddin, M.N. Machmud, I. Maulana, H. Husni, Final Report for National Priority Research (in Indonesian), Syiah Kuala University, 2009, Unpublished.

Anon., ASTM C20-00, Standard Test Methods for

Apparent Porosity, Water Absorption, Apparent Specific Gravity, and Bulk Density of Burned Refractory Brick and Shapes by Boiling Water, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2000, www.astm.org.

Anon., ASTM C67-08, Standard Test Methods for

Sampling and Testing Brick and Structural Clay Tile,

ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2008, www.astm.org.

Recommended Citation

Machmud, M. Nizar; Jalil, Zulkarnain; and Afifuddin, Mochammad (2016) "Apparent Porosity and Compressive Strength of Heat-Treated Clay/Iron Sand/Rice Husk Ash Composites over a Range of Sintering Temperatures," Makara Journal of Technology: Vol. 20: Iss. 2, Article 8.
DOI: 10.7454/mst.v20i2.3063
Available at: https://scholarhub.ui.ac.id/mjt/vol20/iss2/8