•  
  •  
 

Abstract

Background: Urbanization and economic development in Myanmar have brought about culture and dietary transition from a traditional to a westernized diet. The health of the nation, especially the youth, may influence the changing dietary patterns: i.e., the higher the soft drink consumption, the higher the prevalence of soft drink-related diseases.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out among 250 middle school students in North Okkalarpa Township, Yangon Region. Data were collected using self-structured questionnaires, and respondents were selected by using simple random sampling method.

Results: In this study, 81.2% of the students consumed soft drink once a day, and the main reasons were taste, preference, and availability at home. Chi-square test showed significant relationship between gender and soft drink consumption patterns (p = 0.005), and a strong significant relationship was observed between education level and soft drink consumption patterns (p = 0.000). However, Kruskal–Wallis statistics showed significant relationship between education level and soft drink consumption habit (p = 0.003).

Conclusions: This study focused on the knowledge regarding soft drink, habits, and consumption patterns among students. This study highlighted that knowledge of preventive measures of non-communicable diseases since school age can also reduce the disease burden of Myanmar.

References

  1. Kit BK, Fakhouri TH, Park S, Nielsen SJ, Ogden CL. Trends in sugar-sweetened beverage consumption among youth and adults in the United States: 1999–2010. Am J Clin Nutr. 2013;98:180–8.
  2. Rajan A. Soft drinks consumption among grade 11 and grade 12 learners at a secondary school in Gauteng, South Africa [dissertation]. South Africa: University of Limpopo; 2012.
  3. World Health Organization. Taxes on sugar drink: Why do it. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2017.
  4. Saudi MJ. Tenfold increase in childhood and adolescent obesity in four decades: New study by Imperial College London and WHO. Saudi Med J. 2017;38:1162–3.
  5. Tun A. 2016 school health week. Myanmar: The Global New Light of Myanmar; 2016.
  6. Miller G, Merlo C, Demissie Z, Silwa S, Park S. Trends in beverage consumption among high school students—United States, 2007–2015. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2017;66:112–6.
  7. Alrashidi M. The prevalence, risk factors and perception of overweight and obesity in Kuwaiti children: A mixed methods approach [dissertation]. Australia: RMIT University; 2016.
  8. American Academy of Pediatrics Council on School Health, Magalnick H, Mazyck D. Role of the school nurse in providing school health services. Pediatr. 2008;121:1052–6.
  9. Pengpid S, Peltzer K. Overweight, obesity and associated factors among 13–15 years old students in the Association of Southeast Asian nations member countries, 2007–2014. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Pub Health. 2016;47:250–62.
  10. Ministry of Health and Sports. Myanmar National Comprehensive School Health Strategic Plan (2017–2022). Naypyidaw: Ministry of Health and Sports; 2016.
  11. Win N, Hongkrailert N, Silabutra J. Factors related to overweight middle school children in Dagon Township, Yangon. J Health Res. 2011;25:111–5.
  12. Ministry of Health. Health in Myanmar. Naypyidaw: Ministry of Health; 2014.
  13. Hector D, Rangan A, Gill T, Louie JCY, Flood VM. Soft drinks, weight status and health: A review. Australia: NSW Centre for Public Health Nutrition; 2009.
  14. Benajiba N, Eldib RS. Exploring attitudes related to sweetened soft drinks consumption among adults in Saudi Arabia. Nutr Food Sci. 2018;48:433–41.
  15. Ratnayake N, Ekanayake L. Soft drink consumption in Sri Lankan adolescents. Pub Health Nutr. 2012;15:1333–7.
  16. World Health Organization. Guideline: Sugar intake for adult and children. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2015.
  17. Polit DF, Beck CT. Nursing research: Generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice. 8th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincot Williams and Wilkins; 2008.
  18. Pallant J. A step-by-step guide to data analysis using SPSS: SPSS survival manual. 3rd ed. Sydney: Allen and Unwin; 2009.
  19. Ghasemi A, Zahediasl S. Normality tests for statistical analysis: A guide for non-statisticians. Int J End Metab. 2012;10:486–9.
  20. Zahid A, Davey C, Reicks M. Beverage intake among children: Associations with parent and home-related factors. Int J Envir Res Pub Health. 2017;14:929.
  21. Center of Disease Control and Prevention. Defining adult overweight and obesity. Atlanta: Center of Disease Control and Prevention; 2016.
  22. World Health Organization. Obesity and overweight. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2018.
  23. Latt TS, Ko K, Aye TT, Thidar A, Khin EE. A Summary of the Myanmar Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Obesity. J ASEAN Fed End Soc. 2014; 26:105.
  24. Otaibi HHA. Sugar sweetened beverages consumption behavior and knowledge among university students in Saudi Arabia. J Econ Bus Manag. 2017;5:173–6.
  25. Terry-McElrath YM, O’Malley PM, Johnston LD. School soft drink availability and consumption among U.S. secondary students. Am J Prev Med. 2013;44:573–82.
  26. Fernandes MM. The effect of soft drink availability in elementary schools on consumption. J Am Diet Assoc. 2008;108:1445–52.
  27. Fadupin GT, Ogunkunle MO, Gabriel OO. Knowledge, attitude and consumption patterns of alcoholic and sugar sweetened beverage among undergraduates in a Nigerian Institution. Afr J Biomed Res. 2014;17:75–82.
  28. Vuvor F, Harrison O. Knowledge, practice and perception of taking soft drinks with food and the metabolic effects on high school students in Ghana. Endocrinol Metab. 2017;1:103.
  29. McGoldrich KA. Sweetened beverage consumption of peel adolescents: Nutritional correlates and influence of the school and neighborhood food environments [thesis]. Canada: University of Waterloo; 2006.
  30. Gour N, Srivastava D, Adhikari P. Study to assess the prevalence of soft drinking and its determinants among the school going children of Gwalior city. Online J Health Allied Sci. 2010;9:5.
  31. Scharf RJ, DeBoer MD. Sugar-sweetened beverages and children's health. Ann Rev Pub Health. 2016;37:273–93.
  32. Ha NT, Ha LTT, Toan LQ. Knowledge, attitude, frequency and level of consumption regarding non-alcoholic carbonated soft drinks among students from two high schools in Hanoi, Vietnam in 2015. AIMS Pub Health. 2017;4:62–77.

Share

COinS
 
 

To view the content in your browser, please download Adobe Reader or, alternately,
you may Download the file to your hard drive.

NOTE: The latest versions of Adobe Reader do not support viewing PDF files within Firefox on Mac OS and if you are using a modern (Intel) Mac, there is no official plugin for viewing PDF files within the browser window.