•  
  •  
 

Abstract

The contemporary digital age has ushered in profound transformations in various facets of leadership. This paper endeavours to conduct a comprehensive literature analysis aimed at elucidating the enduring relevance and adaptability of the concept of Servant Leadership within the dynamic landscape of the digital era. The study commences by establishing the foundational principles of Servant Leadership, grounded in empathy, altruism, and a commitment to community stewardship. These principles are explored through an examination of seminal works by Greenleaf and subsequent scholarship. The digital age, characterized by technological advancements and virtual workspaces, presents distinctive challenges and opportunities for leadership paradigms. As such, this paper scrutinizes the application of Servant Leadership principles in digital leadership contexts. It delves into the challenges of maintaining personal connections and empathy in digital interactions, the balance between technology and compassionate leadership, and the imperative of fostering a culture of continuous learning and adaptability. Furthermore, the paper appraises the existing body of literature pertaining to the compatibility of Servant Leadership with the demands of the digital age. The synthesis of these insights offers a nuanced perspective on the applicability of Servant Leadership in the digital age, shedding light on the need for leaders to adapt and innovate while adhering to the core principles of innovation, empathy, motivation, privacy, and ethical stewardship. In conclusion, this literature analysis underscores the enduring value of Servant Leadership as it traverses the complex terrain of the digital era, advocating for its continued relevance and adaptation to contemporary leadership challenges.

Bahasa Abstract

Zaman digital telah membawa transformasi dalam berbagai aspek kepemimpinan. Artikel ini berupaya untuk melakukan analisis literatur secara komprehensif yang bertujuan untuk menjelaskan relevansi dan adaptabilitas yang berkelanjutan tentang konsep kepemimpinan pelayan (Servant Leadership) di era digital. Studi ini dimulai dengan menetapkan prinsip-prinsip dasar Kepemimpinan Pelayan, yang berakar pada empati, altruisme, dan komitmen terhadap pengelolaan komunitas. Prinsip-prinsip ini dieksplorasi melalui karya-karya Greeleaf dan penelitian lainnya.

Era digital, yang ditandai oleh kemajuan teknologi dan ruang kerja virtual yang terbatas, memberikan tantangan dan peluang menarik tentang bagaimana cara memimpin. Oleh karena itu, artikel ini mengkaji penerapan prinsip-prinsip Kepemimpinan Pelayan dalam konteks kepemimpinan digital. Hal ini tentunya melibatkan sejumlah tantangan sehingga menjaga konsistensi hubungan personal dan empati dalam interaksi digital, keseimbangan antara teknologi dan kepemimpinan yang berbelas kasih, serta pentingnya membina budaya pembelajaran dan penyesuaian yang terus-menerus.

Selain itu, artikel ini mengevaluasi beberapa literatur yang ada kaitannya tentang kesesuaian Kepemimpinan Pelayan dan tuntutan era digital. Penemuan ini memberikan perspektif tentang bagaimana penerapan Kepemimpinan Pelayan dalam era digital, yang menyoroti perlunya pemimpin untuk beradaptasi dan berinovasi sambil tetap mematuhi prinsip-prinsip seperti inovasi, empati, motivasi, privasi, dan etika.

Kesimpulannya, analisis dari artikel ini ingin menegaskan bahwa nilai-nilai yang berkelanjutan dari Kepemimpinan Pelayan ketika memasuki kompleksitas era digital, mendorongnya untuk terus relevan dan beradaptasi dengan tantangan. Ini menekankan pentingnya pemimpin untuk menyelaraskan kemajuan teknologi dengan prinsip-prinsip Kepemimpinan Pelayan.

References

Achar, S., Vijayendra, K., Hussain, S., Kejriwal, A., & Kejriwal, A. (2022). Business Trends in Digital Era: A Review. Journal of Engineering Research and Reports, 328–338. https://doi.org/10.9734/jerr/2022/v23i12788

Albright, M. (2016). Servant leadership: Not just buzzwords. In Strategic Finance (Vol. 98, Issue 4, pp. 19–20). https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/servant-leadership-not-just-buzzwords/docview/1829014941/se-2?accountid=1230

Anna, M. (2016). How to conduct a literature review. Pharmaceutical Journal, 296(7888), 236–238. https://doi.org/10.1002/csan.20058

Baize-Ward, A. M., & Royer, D. W. (2018). Questioning the Influence of a Spiritual Lens on Teaching, Empathy Building, and Meaning Making in a Community College: A Duoethnography. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 42(7–8), 577–580. https://doi.org/10.1080/10668926.2018.1429964

Barbuto, J. E., & Wheeler, D. W. (2006). Scale development and construct clarification of servant leadership. Group and Organization Management, 31(3), 300–326. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601106287091

Bejaoui, A. (Ed.). (2021). Corporate Leadership and Its Role in Shaping Organizational Culture and Performance. IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8266-3

Berger, T. A. (2014). Servant Leadership 2.0: A Call for Strong Theory. In Sociological Viewpoints (Vol. 30, Issue 1, pp. 146–167).

Blakemore, T., & Agllias, K. (2020). Social media, empathy and interpersonal skills: social work students’ reflections in the digital era. Social Work Education, 39(2), 200–213. https://doi.org/10.1080/02615479.2019.1619683

Bodolica, V., & Spraggon, M. (2018). An end-to-end process of writing and publishing influential literature review articles: Do’s and don’ts. Management Decision, 56(11), 2472–2486. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-03-2018-0253

Brosi, P., & Schuth, M. (2022). Leaders’ Emotion Expressions in Digital Communication: Social Distance in Leader–Follower Relationships. In Research on Emotion in Organizations (Vol. 16, pp. 95–103). Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1746-979120200000016009

Brownell, J. (2010). Leadership in the service of hospitality. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 51(3), 363–378. https://doi.org/10.1177/1938965510368651

Chakraborty, T., & Ganguly, M. (2019). Crafting Engaged Employees Through Positive Work Environment. In Advances in {Human} {Resources} {Management} and {Organizational} {Development} (pp. 180–198). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7799-7.ch011

Chiniara, M., & Bentein, K. (2017). The servant leadership advantage: When perceiving low differentiation in leader-member relationship quality influences team cohesion, team task performance and service OCB. The Leadership Quarterly, 29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2017.05.002

Cortellazzo, L., Bruni, E., & Zampieri, R. (2019). The role of leadership in a digitalized world: A review. Frontiers in Psychology, 10(AUG). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01938

Crawford, J. A., & Kelder, J.-A. (2019). Do we measure leadership effectively? {Articulating} and evaluating scale development psychometrics for best practice. The Leadership Quarterly, 30(1), 133–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2018.07.001

Dahleez, K. A., Aboramadan, M., & Bansal, A. (2021). Servant leadership and affective commitment: the role of psychological ownership and person–organization fit. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 29(2), 493–511. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOA-03-2020-2105

Della Corte, V., Del Gaudio, G., & Sepe, F. (2020). Leadership in the Digital Realm: What Are the Main Challenges? In Digital Leadership - A New Leadership Style for the 21st Century. IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.89856

Diller, K. I., & Diller, D. J. (2014). VSViewer3D: A tool for interactive data mining of three-dimensional virtual screening data. Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling, 54(12), 3446–3452. https://doi.org/10.1021/ci500532j

Dunne, T. C., Aaron, J. R., McDowell, W. C., Urban, D. J., & Geho, P. R. (2016). The impact of leadership on small business innovativeness. Journal of Business Research, 69(11), 4876–4881. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2016.04.046

Dwivedi, Y. K., Hughes, L., Baabdullah, A. M., Ribeiro-Navarrete, S., Giannakis, M., Al-Debei, M. M., Dennehy, D., Metri, B., Buhalis, D., Cheung, C. M. K., Conboy, K., Doyle, R., Dubey, R., Dutot, V., Felix, R., Goyal, D. P., Gustafsson, A., Hinsch, C., Jebabli, I., … Wamba, S. F. (2022). Metaverse beyond the hype: Multidisciplinary perspectives on emerging challenges, opportunities, and agenda for research, practice and policy. International Journal of Information Management, 66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2022.102542

Elche, D., Ruiz-Palomino, P., & Linuesa-Langreo, J. (2020). Servant leadership and organizational citizenship behavior: The mediating effect of empathy and service climate. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 32(6), 2035–2053. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-05-2019-0501

Fareed, M. Z., Su, Q., & Awan, A. A. (2021). The effect of emotional intelligence, intellectual intelligence and transformational leadership on project success; an empirical study of public projects of Pakistan. Project Leadership and Society, 2, 100036. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plas.2021.100036

Fatima, S., Abbas, M., & Hassan, M. M. (2023). Servant leadership, ideology-based culture and job outcomes: A multi-level investigation among hospitality workers. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 109, 103408. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2022.103408

Fernandez, A. A., & Shaw, G. P. (2020). Academic Leadership in a Time of Crisis: The Coronavirus and COVID-19. Journal of Leadership Studies, 14(1), 39–45. https://doi.org/10.1002/jls.21684

Flynn, C. B., Smither, J. W., & Walker, A. G. (2016). Exploring the Relationship Between Leaders’ Core Self-Evaluations and Subordinates’ Perceptions of Servant Leadership: A Field Study. Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, 23(3), 260–271. https://doi.org/10.1177/1548051815621257

Focht, A., & Ponton, M. (2015). Identifying Primary Characteristics of Servant Leadership: DELPHI STUDY. In International Journal of Leadership Studies (Vol. 9, Issue 1, pp. 44–61).

Foerster-Metz, U. S., Marquardt, K., Golowko, N., Kompalla, A., & Hell, C. (2018). Digital Transformation and its Implications on Organizational Behavior. Journal of EU Research in Business, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.5171/2018.340873

Franco, M., & Antunes, A. (2020). Understanding servant leadership dimensions. In Nankai Business Review International (Vol. 11, Issue 3, pp. 345–369). https://doi.org/10.1108/nbri-08-2019-0038

Ghalavi, Z., & Nastiezaie, N. (2020). Relationship of servant leadership and organizational citizenship behavior with mediation of psychological empowerment. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 2020(89), 241–264. https://doi.org/10.14689/ejer.2020.89.11

Graciella, R. I. (2021). Bagaimana mengatasi kesenjangan digital di negara berkembang sebagai bagian dari pengelolaan infrastruktur bisnis digital. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/6s5dz

Greenleaf Robert. (2004). Robert K. Greenleaf: A Life of Servant Leadership - Don M. Frick - Google Books. Berrett-Koehler Publishers, Incorporated. https://books.google.co.ke/books?id=QpJFsKdlxi4C&printsec=frontcover&dq=robert+greenleaf+leadership&hl=en&sa=X&pli=1#v=onepage&q=robert greenleaf leadership&f=false

Gurley, D. K., Peters, G. B., Collins, L., & Fifolt, M. (2015). Mission, vision, values, and goals: An exploration of key organizational statements and daily practice in schools. Journal of Educational Change, 16(2), 217–242. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10833-014-9229-x

Harbani, Muna, N., & Judiarni, J. A. (2021). Digital Leadership in Facing Challenges in the Era Industrial Revolution 4.0. Webology, 18(Special Is), 975–990. https://doi.org/10.14704/WEB/V18SI05/WEB18275

Harwardt, M. (2020). Servant leadership and its effects on IT project success. Journal of Project Management, 59–78. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.jpm.2019.7.001

Heavin, C., & Power, D. J. (2018). Challenges for digital transformation–towards a conceptual decision support guide for managers. Journal of Decision Systems, 27(sup1), 38–45. https://doi.org/10.1080/12460125.2018.1468697

Hensellek, & Simon. (2020). Digital Leadership: A Framework for Successful Leadership in the Digital Age. Journal of Media Management and Entrepreneurship, 2(1), 55–69. https://doi.org/10.4018/JMME.2020010104

Hilbert, M. (2020). Digital technology and social change: the digital transformation of society from a historical perspective . Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 22(2), 189–194. https://doi.org/10.31887/dcns.2020.22.2/mhilbert

Hounshell, D. A., & Pursell, C. W. (2020). Technology in America: A History of Individuals and Ideas. Technology and Culture, 24(1), 120. https://doi.org/10.2307/3104179

Huertas-Valdivia, I., Rojo Gallego-Burín, A., Castillo, A., & Ruiz, L. (2021). Why don’t high-performance work systems always achieve superior service in hospitality? The key is servant leadership. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 49, 152–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2021.09.007

John-Eke, E. C., & Akintokunbo, O. O. (2020). Conflict Management as a Tool for Increasing Organizational Effectiveness: A Review of Literature. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 10(5). https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v10-i5/7198

Kapucu, H. (2020). Technology effect on the leader behaviors in the digital era. Business & IT, X(2), 12–31. https://doi.org/10.14311/bit.2020.03.02

Khan, S. (2016). Leadership in the digital age – A study on the effects of digitalisation on top management leadership. In Stockholm University: Vol. (Issue, p. 54).

Kim, S., Choi, B., & Lew, Y. (2021). Where is the age of digitalization heading? The meaning, characteristics and implications of contemporary digital transformation. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(16), 8909. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13168909

Kiteley, R., & Stogdon, C. (2016). What Is a Literature Review? In Literature Reviews in Social Work (pp. 5–22). SAGE Publications Ltd. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781473957756.n2

Klubeck, M. (2017). What to {Measure}: Progress to {Your} {Vision}. In Success {Metrics} (pp. 107–134). Apress. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-2586-8_7

Klus, M. F., & Müller, J. (2021). The digital leader: what one needs to master today’s organisational challenges. Journal of Business Economics, 91(8), 1189–1223. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11573-021-01040-1

Kowch, E. G. (2013). Conceptualising the essential qualities of complex adaptive leadership: networks that organise. International Journal of Complexity in Leadership and Management, 2(3), 162. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijclm.2013.057549

Kozioł-Nadolna, K. (2020). The role of a leader in stimulating innovation in an organization. Administrative Sciences, 10(3), 59. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci10030059

Kretschmer, T., & Khashabi, P. (2020). Digital Transformation and Organization Design: An Integrated Approach. California Management Review, 62(4), 86–104. https://doi.org/10.1177/0008125620940296

Kumar, N., Jin, Y., & Liu, Z. (2023). The nexus between servant leadership and employee’s creative deviance for creativity inside learning and performance goal-oriented organizations. Management Decision. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-09-2022-1294

Lando, T. (2013). Visualizing Similarities in the Rasch Model response patterns with VOSviewer. In Advances in Latent Variables-Methods, Models and ….

Lee, A., Lyubovnikova, J., Tian, A. W., & Knight, C. (2020). Servant leadership: A meta-analytic examination of incremental contribution, moderation, and mediation. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 93(1), 1–44. https://doi.org/10.1111/joop.12265

Lemoine, G. J., Hartnell, C. A., & Leroy, H. (2019). Taking stock of moral approaches to leadership: An integrative review of ethical, authentic, and servant leadership. Academy of Management Annals, 13(1), 148–187. https://doi.org/10.5465/annals.2016.0121

Lin, S. H. J., Chang, C. H. D., Lee, H. W., & Johnson, R. E. (2021). Positive Family Events Facilitate Effective Leader Behaviors at Work: A Within-Individual Investigation of Family-Work Enrichment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 106(9), 1412–1434. https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000827

Magesa, M. M., & Jonathan, J. (2022). Conceptualizing digital leadership characteristics for successful digital transformation: the case of Tanzania. Information Technology for Development, 28(4), 777–796. https://doi.org/10.1080/02681102.2021.1991872

Maharaj, N., & April, K. A. (2013). The power of self-love in the evolution of leadership and employee engagement. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 11(4), 120–132.

Maldonado, T., Vera, D., & Spangler, W. D. (2022). Unpacking humility: Leader humility, leader personality, and why they matter. Business Horizons, 65(2), 125–137. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2021.02.032

Mandell, M. P., & Keast, R. (2009). A new look at leadership in collaborative networks: Process catalysts. In Public Sector Leadership: International Challenges and Perspectives (pp. 163–178). Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781848449343.00019

Marcy, R. T., & Mumford, M. D. (2010). Leader cognition: Improving leader performance through causal analysis. Leadership Quarterly, 21(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2009.10.001

Margiono, A. (2020). Digital transformation: setting the pace. Journal of Business Strategy, 42(5), 315–322. https://doi.org/10.1108/JBS-11-2019-0215

Martellini, M. (2020). 21st Century Prometheus. In 21st Century Prometheus. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28285-1

Marzano, L., Hollis, C., Cipriani, A., & Malhi, G. S. (2017). Digital technology: Coming of age? Evidence-Based Mental Health, 20(4), 97. https://doi.org/10.1136/eb-2017-102821

MIHU, C., BOGOSLOV, I. A., & LUNGU, A. E. (2021). THE IMPACT OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION ON BUSINESS MANAGEMENT. Revista Economica, 73(4), 41–64. https://doi.org/10.56043/reveco-2021-0035

Mohd Mustamil, N., & Najam, U. (2020). Servant leader and ethical climate: An integrative approach to employee ethical behavior. In Accounting, Finance, Sustainability, Governance and Fraud (pp. 21–33). Springer Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1880-5_2

Nelson, T., & Squires, V. (2017). Addressing Complex Challenges through Adaptive Leadership: A Promising Approach to Collaborative Problem Solving. Journal of Leadership Education, 16(4), 111–123. https://doi.org/10.12806/v16/i4/t2

Oliveira, S. R. M., & Trento, S. (2021, October). How Digital Transformation Capabilities Influence Firm Performance? A Methodology for Supporting Decision-Making. 15th IEEE International Conference on Application of Information and Communication Technologies, AICT 2021. https://doi.org/10.1109/AICT52784.2021.9620281

Park, E.-M., & Seo, J.-H. (2016). The impact analysis of leadership types to organizational commitment and organizational performance. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 9(41). https://doi.org/10.17485/ijst/2016/v9i41/103937

Park, S. M., & Kim, Y. G. (2022). A Metaverse: Taxonomy, Components, Applications, and Open Challenges. IEEE Access, 10. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3140175

Pasaribu, N. F., Pane, E., & Nainggolan, B. D. (2022). Merengkuh Legasi Dimensi Kepemimpinan Yesus bagi Peradaban Digital. Jurnal Abdiel: Khazanah Pemikiran Teologi, Pendidikan Agama Kristen Dan Musik Gereja, 6(2), 148–162. https://doi.org/10.37368/ja.v6i2.367

Pister, M. (2021). Leadership and Innovation - How Can Leaders Create Innovation-Promoting Environments in Their Organisations? European Journal of Marketing and Economics, 4(2), 52–62. https://doi.org/10.26417/369ybf86a

Priest, K. L., & Gleason, M. C. (2021). Applying complexity to leadership educator professional formation. New Directions for Student Leadership, 2021(172), 89–98. https://doi.org/10.1002/yd.20473

Prince, K. A. (2017). Digital leadership: transitioning into the digital age. In Iceb (pp. 132–139). https://doi.org/10.25903/5D2BDD672C0E5

Prosser, S. (2010). Opportunities and Tensions of Servant Leadership. In Servant Leadership (pp. 25–38). Palgrave Macmillan UK. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230299184_3

Pursell, C. (2007). A Companion to American Technology. In A Companion to American Technology. BLACKWELL PUBLISHING. https://doi.org/10.1111/b.9780631228448.2004.00002.x

Ragnarsson, S., Kristjánsdóttir, E. S., & Gunnarsdóttir, S. (2018). To Be Accountable While Showing Care: The Lived Experience of People in a Servant Leadership Organization. SAGE Open, 8(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244018801097

Rahim, M. A. (1985). A Strategy for Managing Conflict in Complex Organizations. Human Relations, 38(1), 81–89. https://doi.org/10.1177/001872678503800105

Rivero Castro, M. del R., Yañez Cifuentes, T., & Hurtado, C. (2019). Preparación para ejercer un liderazgo efectivo en Chile: Estudio de opinión a directores a partir del Marco para la Buena Dirección. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 27, 117. https://doi.org/10.14507/epaa.27.4391

Rofcanin, Y., Heras, M. Las, Bosch, M. J., Berber, A., Mughal, F., & Ozturk, M. (2021). Servant leadership and family supportiveness: Looking into employees’ work and family outcomes. Journal of Business Research, 128, 70–82. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.01.052

Rowley, J., & Slack, F. (2004). Conducting a literature review. Management Research News, 27(6), 31–39. https://doi.org/10.1108/01409170410784185

Saenz Tovar, G. A., & Alejandro Reta, R. (2022). Vosviewer as a complementary tool to analyze the state of the art applied to electricity markets. 2022 {IEEE} {Biennial} {Congress} of {Argentina} ({ARGENCON}), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1109/argencon55245.2022.9940131

Sarros, J. C., Cooper, B. K., & Santora, J. C. (2008). Building a climate for innovation through transformational leadership and organizational culture. Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, 15(2), 145–158. https://doi.org/10.1177/1548051808324100

Sendjaya, S., & Sarros, J. C. (2002). Servant Leadership: Its Origin, Development, and Application in Organizations. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 9(2), 57–64. https://doi.org/10.1177/107179190200900205

Shirokova, S., Solovyov, L., Gnatenko, E., & Lohyeeta, N. (2020, November). Implementation of the digital transformation concept during decision-making process in a construction company: Digital transformation as a driver of strategic decision-making in a commercial organization. ACM International Conference Proceeding Series. https://doi.org/10.1145/3446434.3446464

Sivaruban, S. (2021). A Critical Perspective of Leadership Theories. Business Ethics and Leadership, 5(1), 57–65. https://doi.org/10.21272/bel.5(1).57-65.2021

Soken, N. H., & Barnes, B. K. (2014). What kills innovation? Your role as a leader in supporting an innovative culture. Industrial and Commercial Training, 46(1), 7–15. https://doi.org/10.1108/ICT-09-2013-0057

Stahl, B. C., Schroeder, D., & Rodrigues, R. (2023). Ethics of Artificial Intelligence : Case Studies and Options for Addressing Ethical Challenges. https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/59315%0Ahttps://library.oapen.org/bitstream/20.500.12657/59315/1/978-3-031-17040-9.pdf

Teker, S., Teker, D., & Orendil, E. (2022). Digital Transformation in Businesses: the Process and Its Outcomes. Pressacademia. https://doi.org/10.17261/pressacademia.2022.1599

Thiel, C., Prince, N. R., & Sahatjian, Z. (2021). The (Electronic) Walls Between Us: How Electronic Monitoring Undermines Ethical Leadership. Academy of Management Proceedings, 2021(1), 10227. https://doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2021.10227abstract

Tigre, F. B., Curado, C., & Henriques, P. L. (2023). Digital Leadership: A Bibliometric Analysis. Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, 30(1), 40–70. https://doi.org/10.1177/15480518221123132

Tulungen, E. E. W., Saerang, D. P. E., & Maramis, J. B. (2022). Transformasi Digital : Peran Kepemimpinan Digital. Jurnal EMBA : Jurnal Riset Ekonomi, Manajemen, Bisnis Dan Akuntansi, 10(2). https://doi.org/10.35794/emba.v10i2.41399

Türkmen, E., & Soyer, A. (2019). The effects of digital transformation on organizations. In Handbook of Research on Strategic Fit and Design in Business Ecosystems (pp. 259–288). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1125-1.ch011

Türkmen, E., & Soyer, A. (2020). The Effects of Digital Transformation on Organizations. In Handbook of {Research} on {Strategic} {Fit} and {Design} in {Business} {Ecosystems} (pp. 259–288). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1125-1.ch011

TUTAR, H., & GÜLER, S. (2022). Digital Leadership As A Requirement For The New Business Ecosystem: A Conceptual Review. Cankiri Karatekin Universitesi Iktisadi ve Idari Bilimler Fakultesi Dergisi. https://doi.org/10.18074/ckuiibfd.1162792

Tzortzaki, A. M. (2022). Developing compassionate self-leadership: a conceptual framework for leadership effectiveness in the digital age. Journal for Global Business Advancement, 15(3), 272–296. https://doi.org/10.1504/JGBA.2022.10053632

Urbach, N., & Röglinger, M. (2019). Introduction to Digitalization Cases: How Organizations Rethink Their Business for the Digital Age. In Management for Professionals: Vol. Part F518 (pp. 1–12). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95273-4_1

van de Bunt-Kokhuis, S. (Vrije U. A., & Sultan, N. (Liverpool H. U. (2013). Servant-leadership: the Online Way! E-learning where community building is key. European Journal of Open, Distance and E-Learning. http://www.eurodl.org/index.php?article=472

van Dierendonck, D. (2011). Servant leadership: A review and synthesis. Journal of Management, 37(4), 1228–1261. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206310380462

Vogel, P., & Hultin, G. (2018). Introduction: Digitalization and Why Leaders Need to Take It Seriously. In Conquering Digital Overload (pp. 1–8). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63799-0_1

Wang, Z., Ren, S., & Meng, L. (2022). High-performance work systems and thriving at work: the role of cognitive appraisal and servant leadership. Personnel Review, 51(7), 1749–1771. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-10-2019-0561

Warrick, D. D. (2017). What leaders need to know about organizational culture. Business Horizons, 60(3), 395–404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2017.01.011

Warschauer, M., & Matuchniak, T. (2010). Chapter 6: New technology and digital worlds: Analyzing evidence of equity in access, use, and outcomes. Review of Research in Education, 34(1), 179–225. https://doi.org/10.3102/0091732X09349791

Waterman, H. (2011). Principles of “servant leadership” and how they can enhance practice. Nursing Management (Harrow, London, England : 1994), 17(9), 24–26. https://doi.org/10.7748/nm2011.02.17.9.24.c8299

White, B. E. (2016). Leadership under conditions of complexity. 2016 11th Systems of Systems Engineering Conference, SoSE 2016. https://doi.org/10.1109/SYSOSE.2016.7542887

Williams, W. A., Brandon, R.-S., Hayek, M., Haden, S. P., & Atinc, G. (2017). Servant leadership and followership creativity: The influence of workplace spirituality and political skill. Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 38(2), 178–193. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-02-2015-0019

Xu, A. J., Loi, R., & Chow, C. W. C. (2022). Why and when proactive employees take charge at work: the role of servant leadership and prosocial motivation. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 31(1), 117–127. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2021.1934449

Yang, J., Liu, H., & Gu, J. (2017). A multi-level study of servant leadership on creativity: The roles of self-efficacy and power distance. Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 38(5), 610–629. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-10-2015-0229

Yang, J., Ma, C., Gu, J., & Liu, H. (2020). Linking servant leadership to employee creativity: The roles of team identification and collectivism. Chinese Management Studies, 25(3), 215–233. https://doi.org/10.1108/CMS-08-2018-0640

Zada, S., Khan, J., Saeed, I., Jun, Z. Y., Vega-Muñoz, A., & Contreras-Barraza, N. (2022). Servant Leadership Behavior at Workplace and Knowledge Hoarding: A Moderation Mediation Examination. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.888761

Zhang, W., & Jiang, Y. (2020). Technology: Networks and Maps in Creativity Research, 1999–2018 (S. Pritzker & M. B. T.-E. of C. (Third E. Runco (Eds.); pp. 605–623). Academic Press. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-809324-5.23857-1

Zhang, Y., Zheng, Y., Zhang, L., Xu, S., Liu, X., & Chen, W. (2021). A meta-analytic review of the consequences of servant leadership: The moderating roles of cultural factors. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 38(1), 371–400. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-018-9639-z

Zhong, L. (2017). Indicators of Digital Leadership in the Context of K-12 Education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.18785/jetde.1001.03

Share

COinS
 
 

To view the content in your browser, please download Adobe Reader or, alternately,
you may Download the file to your hard drive.

NOTE: The latest versions of Adobe Reader do not support viewing PDF files within Firefox on Mac OS and if you are using a modern (Intel) Mac, there is no official plugin for viewing PDF files within the browser window.