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Abstract

Defending sovereignty within an island nation is relatively more complex than doing so for a continental state. The number of scattered islands makes straits and seas more penetrable, vulnerable points and targets of asymmetric threats at sea. The aim of this research is to illustrate threats at sea and provide solutions in guarding and monitoring Indonesian coastal borders, which currently require more ships and radar technology as well as other sensing equipment due to longer beaches. The results reveal that firstly, potential asymmetrical threats at sea include former WWII mines, underwater fibre cables, and nuclear submarines belonging to foreign countries such as America, Russia and China. Secondly, problems related to welfare include theft of natural resources like coral reefs and fish, and drug smuggling activities, all which add to the burden and duties of various parties. Thirdly, asymmetrical Narcoterrorism is very prominent in Colombia where drugs from Cannabis plants are sold to buy weapons. This is also happening in the Philippines and in Aceh, Indonesia. Narcotic activities are also increasingly worrying – particularly their effects on younger generations. Lastly, coordination by affiliated parties that help guard the sea is highly expected. Adequate maritime border patrol management must be carried out so that together, different marine security institutions can maintain the sovereignty of the state. Therefore, the following are recommended: a) regional diplomatic cooperation within ASEAN, b) ensuring of military capability, power, and readiness for placement, and c) the utilization of unmanned technology to aid in securing the archipelagic state.

Bahasa Abstract

Mempertahankan kedaulatan sebuah negara kepulauan relatif lebih kompleks daripada melakukannya menjaga negara kontinental. Banyaknya pulau yang tersebar membuat selat dan laut semakin mudah ditembus, menjadi titik rawan dan sasaran ancaman asimetris di laut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menggambarkan ancaman di laut dan memberikan solusi dalam menjaga dan memantau batas pantai Indonesia yang saat ini membutuhkan lebih banyak kapal dan teknologi radar serta peralatan penginderaan lainnya akibat pantainya yang panjang. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa pertama, potensi ancaman asimetris di laut termasuk bekas tambang PD II, kabel fiber bawah air, dan kapal selam nuklir milik negara asing seperti Amerika, Rusia dan China. Kedua, masalah kesejahteraan antara lain pencurian sumber daya alam seperti terumbu karang dan ikan, serta kegiatan penyelundupan narkoba yang kesemuanya menambah beban dan tugas berbagai pihak. Ketiga, Narkoterorisme asimetris sangat menonjol di Kolombia di mana obat-obatan dari tanaman Cannabis dijual untuk membeli senjata. Ini juga terjadi di Filipina dan di Aceh, Indonesia. Aktivitas narkotika juga semakin mengkhawatirkan - terutama pengaruhnya terhadap generasi muda. Terakhir, koordinasi dari pihak-pihak terkait yang membantu menjaga laut sangat diharapkan. Pengelolaan patroli perbatasan laut yang memadai harus dilakukan bersama-sama, sehingga lembaga keamanan laut yang berbeda dapat menjaga kedaulatan negara. Oleh karena itu, direkomendasikan hal-hal sebagai berikut: a) kerja sama diplomatik kawasan di ASEAN, b) memastikan kapabilitas militer, daya tempur, dan kesiapan penempatan, dan c) pemanfaatan teknologi tan awak untuk membantu pengamanan negara kepulauan.

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