•  
  •  
 

Abstract

Turkey is a member of the NATO military alliance since 1952, as a member of NATO, cooperation between Turkey and Russia invites counterparts from other NATO alliance countries. But even with criticism, Turkey continues purchasing S-400 from Russia . Therefore, this study aims to analyze the factors that support Turkey's policy on purchasing S-400.This research is a descriptive research through internet-based literature.Turkey's policy in purchasing S-400 analyzed using the concepts of Arms, Alliances and Security Tradeoffs proposed by James D. Morrow. James stated that there are three factors that influence the state to conduct arming; economic & military technological factors, the lack of alliances effectiveness and differences in national interests between alliances.This study found that all of these factors occurred in the conditions of Turkey and NATO. With fulfillment of these three factors, Turkey chose to do arming instead of alliancing in facing national threat

References

Journal Article Morrow, James D (1993). Arms versus Allies : Trade-offs in the search of Security, International Organization Vol. 47 : 1993 Book chapter in an edited book A. Miles, B. Matthew dan Michael Huberman (1994). Qualitatve Data Analysis. Sage Publications. 1994. Aybet, Gulnur (2012) Turkey’s Security Challengens and NATO. Carnegie Europe. Barro, Robert J. Convergence and Modernization Revisited. National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper No. 18295 Gönül, Vecdi (2010). Turkey-NATO Relations and NATO’s New Strategic Concept. Turkish Policy Quarterly Gorka (2017), Alex. Turkey Under Fire For Bucking NATO Suppliers, Signing Arms Deal With Russia. Mint Prss News 19 September 2017. https://www.mintpressnews.com/turkey-signing-arms-deal-russia-bucking-nato/232176/ Gozen, Ramazan (2010). Turkish-American Relations in 2009. PERCEPTIONS:2010. Hasanli, Jamil. Stalin and the Turkish Crisis of the Cold War, 1945–1953. Lexington Books. 2011. Kegley Jr, G. A Raymond (1990). When Trust Breaks Down: Alliance Norms and World Politics, University of South Carolina Press: 1990. Lika, Idlir. The Quest for Security: Soviet Union’s Demands from Turkey. 1945-1946. Ihsan Dogramaci Bilkent University, 2015. Meick, Ethan. China’s Potential Air Defense System Safe to Turkey and Implications for the United States. U.S-China Economic and Security Review Commisio. 2013. Munyar, Vahap (2018). Turkey has put down a deposit on S-400 missiles to Russia : Erdogan. http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/turkey-has-put-down-a-deposit-on-s-400-missiles-to-russia-erdogan--117844 diakses pada 26 September 2018. NATO (2016). Augmentation of Turkey;s Air Defence. NATO. Ozertem, Hasan Selim (2017). Turkey and Russia :A Fragile Friendship. Turkish Policy Quarterly. Rawdanowicz, Lukasz. Turkey 2008 2008-09 Crisis in Turkey: Performance, Policy Responses and Challenges for Sustaining the Recovery. OECD Economics Department Working Paper No.819 Seren (2017), Merve. Turkey’s Quest for National Missile Defense System : Prospects & Challenges. (SETA:2017) Stein, Aaron (2017). Reconciling US-Turkish Interest in Northern Syria. Council on Foreign Relations:2017. U.S Department of State (2018). Sections 231 and 235 of CAATSA. https://www.state.gov/t/isn/caatsa/275115.htm (diakses pada 2 Oktober 2018) Waltz, Kenneth (1979). Theory of International Politics. Addison-Wesley Publishing: 1979. Yesiltas, Murat and Merve Seren. Operation Euphrates Shield Implementation and Lesson Learned. SETA. 2017. Internet Al-Jazeera. Erdogan: NATO gives arms to 'terrorists' but not to Turkey. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/02/erdogan-nato-arms-terrorists-turkey-190218142920831.html ( accessed Mai, 1 2019) BBC. IS conflict: Turkey-backed Syrian rebels take Jarablus. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-37171995 (accessed June, 1 2019) BBC. Syria conflict: Turkey says US plea on Kurds 'unacceptable'. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-46792329 1 Juni 2019 Daily Sabah. Turkey to develop its own Long range air Defense System Siper: Erdogan says. https://www.dailysabah.com/defense/2018/10/31/turkey-to-develop-its-own-long-range-air-defense-system-siper-erdogan-says Defense News. Going it alone: Turkey staunch in efforts for self-sufficient defense capabilities. https://www.defensenews.com/land/2017/04/24/going-it-alone-turkey-staunch-in-efforts-for-self-sufficient-defense-capabilities/ Defense News, Raytheon missile defense chief: Turkey Patriot decision ‘is all political’,https://www.defensenews.com/digital-show-dailies/farnborough/2018/07/17/raytheon-missile-defense-chief-turkey-patriot-decision-is-all-political/ Defense News. Turkey hires 3 companies to build indigenous long-range air defense https://www.defensenews.com/industry/techwatch/2018/11/02/turkey-hires-3-companies-to-build-indigenous-long-range-air-defense-system/ Global Fire Power. NATO Member States Ranked by Military Strength. https://www.globalfirepower.com/countries-listing-nato-members.asp Global Fire Power. Turkey: Overview. https://www.globalfirepower.com/country-military-strength-detail.asp?country_id=turkey accessed Mei, 1 2019 Hurriyet Daily News (2018), ”Germany to end Turkey Patriot missile deployment”, melalui http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/germany-to-end-turkey-patriot-missile-deployment-87002 (diakses 25 Agustus 2018) Hurriyet Daily News. No room for ‘terrorist’ YPG at Syria talks, says Turkish deputy PM. http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/no-room-for-terrorist-ypg-at-syria-talks-says-turkish-deputy-pm-108401 (diakses pada 26 September 2018) Huff Post. Remove the PKK From The Terror. https://www.huffpost.com/entry/pkk-terror-group-status_b_3289311 (accessed Mei, 1 2019) Koc, Cagan (2018). U.S. Says It Will Sanction NATO Ally Turkey for Russian Defense System. Bloomberg. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-06-27/u-s-says-it-will-sanction-nato-ally-turkey-for-russian-missiles (diakses pada 1 Oktober 2018.) NATO (2018). NATO support to Turkey : Background and timeline. https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/topics_92555.htm? (diakses pada 26 September 2018.) The Guardian. Turkey primed to start offensive against US-backed Kurds in Syria. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/dec/12/turkey-primed- to-start-offensive-against-us-backed-kurds-in-syria The World Bank. Turkey GDP (current US$. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD?locations=TR (accessed Mei, 1 2019) Trading Economics. Turkey GDP Annual Growth Rate. https://tradingeconomics.com/turkey/gdp-growth-annual (accessed Mei, 1 2019) Trading Economics. Turkey Military Expenditure, https://tradingeconomics.com/turkey/military-expenditure (accessed Mei, 1 2019) TRT World. Turkey aims to have self-sufficient defense industry by 2023. https://www.trtworld.com/turkey/turkey-to-have-self-sufficient-defence-industry-by-2023-97573 United States Census Bureau, Trade in Goods with Turkey, https://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/balance/c4890.html World Bulletin (2018). Turkey requests Patriot missiles from NATO. https://www.worldbulletin.net/politics/turkey-requests-patriot-missiles-from-nato-h99024.html (diakses pada 26 September 2018)

Share

COinS
 
 

To view the content in your browser, please download Adobe Reader or, alternately,
you may Download the file to your hard drive.

NOTE: The latest versions of Adobe Reader do not support viewing PDF files within Firefox on Mac OS and if you are using a modern (Intel) Mac, there is no official plugin for viewing PDF files within the browser window.