Dampak Pertumbuhan Sektoral terhadap Ketimpangan Pendapatan dan Kemiskinan di Indonesia: Analisis menggunakan Social Accounting Matrix dan Micro-Simulation

Authors

Diny Tri Winarni, Program Studi Magister Perencanaan Ekonomi dan Kebijakan Pembangunan, Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis,Universitas IndonesiaFollow
Djoni Hartono, Departemen Ilmu Ekonomi, Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis,Universitas IndonesiaFollow

Abstract

Based on extended Indonesia’s Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) 2015 and using the micro-simulation method, this study shows how sectoral growth affects income inequality and poverty in Indonesia and the contribution of the Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) manufacturing sector in reducing income inequality. Of the 24 sectors in Indonesia, only the growth in 10 sectors can reduce income inequality, with the largest reduction being growth in other agricultural crop sector. On the other hand, SMEs have no notable effect on reducing income inequality. Although the impact depends on which sector the SME is in. This study also shows that growth in all economic sectors has an impact on poverty alleviation in different contributions. Growth in other agriculture crop sector contributed the largest to poverty alleviation in Indonesia.

Bahasa Abstract

Berdasarkan Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) Indonesia 2015 yang diperluas dan dengan menggunakan metode micro-simulation, penelitian ini menunjukkan bagaimana pertumbuhan sektoral mempengaruhi ketimpangan pendapatan dan kemiskinan di Indonesia serta kontribusi Usaha Kecil dan Menengah (UKM) sektor manufaktur dalam mengurangi ketimpangan pendapatan. Dari 24 sektor di Indonesia, hanya pertumbuhan pada 10 sektor ekonomi yang dapat mengurangi ketimpangan pendapatan, dengan penurunan terbesar pada pertumbuhan sektor tanaman pertanian lainnya. Di sisi lain, UKM tidak memiliki pengaruh penting dalam mengurangi ketimpangan pendapatan, yang berpengaruh adalah dimana sektor UKM itu berada. Penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan di semua sektor ekonomi berdampak pada pengentasan kemiskinan dengan kontribusi yang berbeda. Pertumbuhan sektor tanaman pertanian lainnya memberikan kontribusi terbesar dalam pengentasan kemiskinan di Indonesia.

References

Beck, T., Demirguc -Kunt, A., & Levine, R. (2005). SMEs, growth, and poverty : Cross-country evidence. Journal of Economic Growth, 10, 199–229.

Bappenas. (2017). Mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi berkelanjutan dengan mengatasi ketimpangan dan kemiskinan. https://www.bappenas.go.id/berita/mendorong-pertumbuhan-ekonomi-berkelanjutan-dengan-mengatasi-ketimpangan-dan-kemiskinan-sUi9d

Bappenas. (2018). Prakarsa pemerintah daerah dalam upaya pengurangan kesenjangan wilayah dan pembangunan daerah. ISBN: 978-602-61004-1-2. https://www.bappenas.go.id/files/4515/2154/6604/Laporan_Akhir_Bappenas_2017_v.25_Jan_2018.pdf

Brida, J. G., Carrera, E. J. S., & Segarra, V. (2020). Clustering and regime dynamics for economic growth and income inequality. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 52, 99–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strueco.2019.09.010

Fields, G.S. (1987). Measuring inequality change in an economy with income growth. Journal of Development Economics, Vol. 26 No. 2, 357-374.

Gordón, I. G., & Resosudarmo, B. P. (2018). A sectoral growth‐income inequality nexus in Indonesia. Reg Sci Policy Pract, 11, 123–139.

Gutiérrez-Romero, R. (2021). How does inequality affect long-run growth? Cross-industry, cross-country evidence. Economic Modelling, 95, 274–297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2020.11.016

Hamdani, J., & Wirawan, C. (2012). Open innovation implementation to sustain Indonesian SMEs. Procedia Economics and Finance, 4, 223–233. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(12)00337-1

Hartono, D., Hastuti, S. H., Halimatussadiah, A., Saraswati, A., Mita, A. F., & Indriani, V. (2020). Comparing the impacts of fossil and renewable energy investments in Indonesia: A simple general equilibrium analysis. Heliyon, 6, e04120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04120

Hartono, D., & Irawan, T. (2008). Decentralization policy and equality: A Theil analysis of Indonesian income inequality. European Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Sciences, 29, 41–51.

Hartono, D., & Resosudarmo, B. P. (2008). The economy-wide impact of controlling energy consumption in Indonesia: An analysis using a Social Accounting Matrix framework. Energy Policy, 36(4), 1404–1419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2007.12.011

Kemenkopukm. (n.d.). Perkembangan data usaha mikro, kecil, menengah (UMKM) dan usaha besar (UB) tahun 2018-2019. Februari 23, 2022. https://kemenkopukm.go.id/data-umkm

Khan, H. A. (1999). Sectoral growth and poverty alleviation: A multiplier decomposition technique applied to South Africa. World Development, 27(3), 521–530. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(98)00153-3

Kouadio, H. K., & Gakpa, L. L. (2021). Do economic growth and institutional quality reduce poverty and inequality in West Africa? Journal of Policy Modeling, 44(1), 41–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2021.09.010

Misdawita, Hartono, D., & Nugroho, A. (2019). Impacts of food prices on the economy: Social accounting matrix and microsimulation approach in Indonesia. Review of Urban and Regional Development Studies, 31(1–2), 137–154. https://doi.org/10.1111/rurd.12099

Pieters, J. (2010). Growth and Inequality in India: Analysis of an extended social accounting matrix. World Development, 38(3), 270–281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2009.09.006

Pyatt, G., & Round, J. I. (2016). Accounting and fixed price multipliers in a social accounting matrix framework. The Economic Journal, 89(356), 850-873. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2231503

Ranman, S. M. T., & Kabir, M. A. (2021). Role of small and medium enterprise clusters in urban–rural linkage: A study based on manufacturing SMEs of Khulna City, Bangladesh. Environment and Urbanization ASIA, 12(1), 27–39. https://doi.org/10.1177/0975425321990385

Rofiuddin, M., & Firmansyah. (2018). Income inequality in Indonesia: Panel data of 34 provinces 2014-2016. E3S Web of Conferences, 73, 10003. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187310003

Siami-Namini, S., & Hudson, D. (2019). The impacts of sector growth and monetary policy on income inequality in developing countries. Journal of Economic Studies, 46(3), 591–610. https://doi.org/10.1108/JES-08-2017-0243

Soleh, A. (2015). Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Dan Kemiskinan Di Indonesia. Ekombis Review: Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi dan Bisnis, 2(2), 197–209. https://doi.org/10.37676/ekombis.v2i2.15

Suryahadi, A., Suryadarma, D., & Sumarto, S. (2009). The effects of location and sectoral components of economic growth on poverty: Evidence from Indonesia. Journal of Development Economics, 89(1), 109–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2008.08.003

Tambunan, T. (2008). SME development, economic growth, and government intervention in a developing country: The Indonesian story. Journal of International Entrepreneurship, 6(4), 147–167. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10843-008-0025-7

Thorbecke, E., & Jung, H. S. (1996). A multiplier decomposition method to analyze poverty alleviation. Journal of Development Economics, 48(2), 279–300. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3878(95)00037-2

Todaro, M. P., & Smith, S. C. (2012). The Developed and Developing World Income. Washington, DC:Addison-Wesley

Recommended Citation

Winarni, Diny Tri and Hartono, Djoni (2023) "Dampak Pertumbuhan Sektoral terhadap Ketimpangan Pendapatan dan Kemiskinan di Indonesia: Analisis menggunakan Social Accounting Matrix dan Micro-Simulation," Jurnal Kebijakan Ekonomi: Vol. 18: No. 1, Article 1.
DOI: 10.21002/jke.2023.01
Available at: https://scholarhub.ui.ac.id/jke/vol18/iss1/1