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Jurnal Kebijakan Ekonomi

Abstract

Based on extended Indonesia’s Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) 2015 and using the micro-simulation method, this study shows how sectoral growth affects income inequality and poverty in Indonesia and the contribution of the Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) manufacturing sector in reducing income inequality. Of the 24 sectors in Indonesia, only the growth in 10 sectors can reduce income inequality, with the largest reduction being growth in other agricultural crop sector. On the other hand, SMEs have no notable effect on reducing income inequality. Although the impact depends on which sector the SME is in. This study also shows that growth in all economic sectors has an impact on poverty alleviation in different contributions. Growth in other agriculture crop sector contributed the largest to poverty alleviation in Indonesia.

Bahasa Abstract

Berdasarkan Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) Indonesia 2015 yang diperluas dan dengan menggunakan metode micro-simulation, penelitian ini menunjukkan bagaimana pertumbuhan sektoral mempengaruhi ketimpangan pendapatan dan kemiskinan di Indonesia serta kontribusi Usaha Kecil dan Menengah (UKM) sektor manufaktur dalam mengurangi ketimpangan pendapatan. Dari 24 sektor di Indonesia, hanya pertumbuhan pada 10 sektor ekonomi yang dapat mengurangi ketimpangan pendapatan, dengan penurunan terbesar pada pertumbuhan sektor tanaman pertanian lainnya. Di sisi lain, UKM tidak memiliki pengaruh penting dalam mengurangi ketimpangan pendapatan, yang berpengaruh adalah dimana sektor UKM itu berada. Penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan di semua sektor ekonomi berdampak pada pengentasan kemiskinan dengan kontribusi yang berbeda. Pertumbuhan sektor tanaman pertanian lainnya memberikan kontribusi terbesar dalam pengentasan kemiskinan di Indonesia.

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