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Jurnal Kebijakan Ekonomi

Abstract

Infrastructure development is one of the driving wheels of economic that have potential to drive increased production, create jobs and reduce the number of poor people. One of the government's focus on infrastructure is the construction of the Trans Java Toll Road that connects the entire Java Island from Jakarta to Surabaya. The purpose of this research is to analyze the impact of the operation of the Trans Java Toll Road which began in part since 2015, 2017, 2018 and 2019 on the Regency/Municipality economy, especially those passed by toll roads. The indicators of regional economy in this research are GRDP per capita, open unemployment rate, dan poverty rate. The research method used is Difference in Difference (DiD) in the form of Staggered Adoption Design (SAD) using 84 regency/municipality data spread across 6 provinces in Java Island from 2012-2919. Estimation results show that the operation of the Trans Java Toll Road has not yet had a stable impact on increasing GRDP per capita, decreasing unemployment rate and reducing poverty rate. The insignificance of the influence of the Trans Java Toll Road is suspected because the analysis is still conducted in the medium term, where generally the influence of the new toll road is seen in the long term.

Bahasa Abstract

Pembangunan infrastruktur merupakan salah satu roda penggerak ekonomi yang berpotensi mendorong terjadinya peningkatan produksi, menciptakan lapangan kerja dan mengurangi jumlah penduduk miskin. Salah satu fokus pemerintah di bidang infrastruktur adalah pembangunan jalan Tol Trans Jawa yang menyambungkan seluruh Pulau Jawa mulai dari Jakarta hingga Surabaya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis dampak dari beroperasinya jalan Tol Trans Jawa yang dimulai sebagian sejak tahun 2015, 2017, 2018 dan 2019 terhadap perekonomian daerah Kabupaten/Kota, khususnya terhadap daerah Kabupaten/Kota yang dilewati oleh jalan Tol Trans Jawa. Indikator perekonomian daerah yang dikaji dalam penelitian ini adalah PDRB per kapita, tingkat pengangguran terbuka, dan tingkat kemiskinan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Difference in Difference (DiD) berupa Staggered Adaption Design (SAD) dengan menggunakan data 84 Kabupaten/Kota yang tersebar di 6 Provinsi di Pulau Jawa dari tahun 2012-2019. Hasil estimasi menunjukkan bahwa beroperasinya jalan Tol Trans Jawa, tidak berdampak signifikan terhadap peningkatan PDRB per kapita, penurunan tingkat pengangguran terbuka dan penurunan tingkat kemiskinan. Ketidaksigifikansian pengaruh jalan Tol Trans Jawa tersebut diduga karena analisis masih dilakukan dalam jangka menengah, dimana umumnya pengaruh jalan tol baru terlihat dalam jangka panjang.

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