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Jurnal Kebijakan Ekonomi

Abstract

As technology alters the way organizations work, the need for labor adjustment which more adaptable to technological changes has risen in high digital intensive sectors. However, vocational graduates face difficulties regarding this situation as their vocational school failed to equip them with advanced technological skills. Based on signaling and human capital investment theory, this problem can be solved by increasing education and training. Using 2015 and 2018 Sakernas data and logit regression, the result shows that vocational engineering and technology graduates have the highest probability to work in HDI sectors. however, working in a HDI sector cannot be associated with a better type or a more decent job than other sectors. This refers to the second finding that shows graduates of engineering and technology vocational schools have a lower probability of working as a white-collar even working at HDI sectors. According to the last finding, vocational tertiary education has shown to increase the probability of working as white-collar in HDI sectors, therefore a level up in education is needed to increase wages and improve job positions.

Keywords: Vocational Education, Working Probability, High Digital Intensive Sectors

Bahasa Abstract

Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan berada pada posisi sulit akibat lambat merespon perubahan teknologi. Sementara itu, teknologi telah mengubah sifat pekerjaan dan mendorong peningkatan permintaan tenaga kerja yang adaptable terhadap perkembangan teknologi di sektor intensitas digital tinggi (SID Tinggi). Berdasarkan teori signaling dan investasi modal manusia, permasalahan tersebut dapat diselesaikan dengan meningkatkan pendidikan dan pelatihan. Menggunakan data Sakernas 2015 dan 2018, dan regresi logistik, hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa lulusan SMK teknik dan teknologi memiliki kecenderungan tertinggi untuk bekerja di SID tinggi. Namun bekerja di sektor tersebut tidak dapat diasosiasikan dengan jenis pekerjaan dan kesejahteraan yang lebih baik (decent job) dibandingkan sektor lain. Hal ini mengacu pada temuan kedua yang menunjukkan lulusan SMK teknik dan Teknologi mempunyai probabilitas yang lebih rendah untuk bekerja sebagai kerah putih di SID tinggi. Maka dari itu, untuk meningkatkan upah dan posisi pekerjaan, dibutuhkan peningkatan pendidikan, karena dalam temuan terakhir pendidikan tinggi vokasi terbukti dapat meningkatkan probabilitas untuk bekerja sebagai kerah putih di SID tinggi.

Kata Kunci: Pendidikan Vokasi, Probabilitas Kerja, Sektor Intensitas Digital Tinggi

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