•  
  •  
 
Jurnal Kebijakan Ekonomi

Abstract

This study aimed to analyse the relationship between FDI firms with energy intensity in Indonesian manufacturing industry and its sub-sector. The data used are from the Manufacturing Industry Survey obtained from the Central Statistiks Agency (BPS) with observation period 2007-2015. The model in this study were estimated used the fixed effect estimation method. Estimation results from the model showed FDI firms tend to have a negatifly correlated to the energy intensity that mean there is a decrease in energy intensity which indicates energy efficiency. In the industrial sub-sector FDI firms show varying correlation with the energy intensities. in additional, sub-sector with high energy intensif showed the non-metal excavation industry sector had a negatifly correlation and significant results on energy intensity, However, the base metals sector showed significant positive results that might occur due to the engineering effect of this industrial sector which was so low that there was no decrease in energy intensity

Keywords: Energy intensity, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), Manufacturing industry, Indonesia

Bahasa Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan antara Perusahaan FDI dengan intensitas energi pada industri manufaktur Indonesia dan sub-sektor industri. Data yang digunakan berasal dari Survei Industri Manufaktur diperoleh dari Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) dengan periode observasi 2007 – 2015. Model pada penelitian ini diestimasi menggunakan metode estimasi fixed effect. Hasil estimasi dari model menunjukkan bahwa perusahaan FDI berkorelasi negatif terhadap intensitas energi artinya terdapat penurunan intensitas energi atau efisiensi energi. Sedangkan pada sub-sektor industri, perusahaan FDI menunjukkan intensitas energi yang bervariasi, akibat dari karakteristik yang berbeda pada sub-sektor industri. Sementara itu, analisis tambahan pada sub-sektor padat energi, sub-sektor industri galian bukan logam menunjukan hasil negatif dan signifikan terhadap intesitas energi. Namun, pada sub-sektor logam dasar menunjukkan hasil positif signifikan. Hal tersebut mungkin disebabkan oleh efek teknik dari sub-sektor industri tersebut masih rendah sehingga tidak terjadi penurunan intensitas energi.

Kata Kunci: Intensitas Energi, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), Industri Manufaktur, Indonesia

References

Aitken, B. J., dan Harrison, A. E. (1999). Do domestic firms benefit from direct foreign investment? Evidence from Venezuela. American economic review, 89(3), 605-618.

Amiti, M., dan Konings, J. (2007). Trade liberalization, intermediate inputs, and productivity: Evidence from Indonesia. American Economic Review, 97(5), 1611-1638.

Antweiler, W., Copeland, B. R., dan Taylor, M. S. (2001). Is free trade good for the environment?. American economic review, 91(4), 877-908.

Athreye, S., dan Cantwell, J. (2007). Creating competition?: Globalisation and the emergence of new technology producers. Research Policy, 36(2), 209-226.

Batrakova, S., dan Davies, R. B. (2012). Is there an environmental benefit to being an exporter ? Evidence from firm-level data. Review of World Economics, 148, 449– 474.

Belke, A., Dobnik, F., dan Dreger, C. (2011). Energy consumption and economic growth: New insights into the cointegration relationship. Energy Economics, 33(5), 782-789.

Blalock, G., dan Gertler, P. J. (2008). Welfare gains from foreign direct investment through technology transfer to local suppliers. Journal of international Economics, 74(2), 402-421.

Blomström, M., dan Kokko, A. (1998). Multinational corporations and spillovers. Journal of Economic surveys, 12(3), 247-277.

Bu, M., Li, S., dan Jiang, L. (2019). Foreign direct investment and energi intensity in China: Firm-level evidence. Energi Economics, 80, 366-376.

Bu, M., dan Luo, H. (2014). Globalization and Energy Consumption in the Yangtze River Delta. In Energy Security and Sustainable Economic Growth in China (pp. 235-247). Palgrave Macmillan, London.

Changyuan, L. (2007). FDI, domestic capital and economic growth: Evidence from panel data at China’s provincial level. Frontiers of Economics in China, 2(1), 92-113.

Chintrakarn, P., dan Millimet, D. L. (2006). The environmental consequences of trade: Evidence from subnational trade flows. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 52(1), 430-453.

Christmann, P., dan Taylor, G. (2001). Globalization and the environment: Determinants of firm self-regulation in China. Journal of international business studies, 32(3), 439- 458.

Clerides, Sofronis; Saul Lach and James Tybout. 1998. “Is Learning by Exporting Important? Micro-dynamic Evidence from Colombia, Mexico, and Morocco,” Quart. J. Econ.113, pp. 903–48.

Cole, M. A., Elliott, R. J., dan Shimamoto, K. (2005). Industrial characteristics, environmental regulations and air pollution: an analysis of the UK manufacturing sector. Journal of environmental economics and management, 50(1), 121-143.

Cole, M. A., Elliott, R. J., dan Shimamoto, K. (2006). Globalization, firm-level characteristics and environmental management: A study of Japan. Ecological Economics, 59(3), 312-323.

Cole, M. A., Elliott, R. J., dan Strobl, E. (2008). The environmental performance of firms: The role of foreign ownership, training, and experience. Ecological Economics, 65(3), 538-546.

Coe, D., dan Helpman, E. (1995). International RdanD Spillovers. Europian Economic Review, 859-887.

Copeland, B. R., dan Taylor, M. S. (1994). North-South Trade and the Environment Author (s

): Brian R . Copeland and M . Scott Taylor. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 109(3), 755–787.

Dasgupta, S., Wheeler, D., dan Hettige, H. (1998). What improves environmental performance?

Evidence from Mexican industry. The World Bank.

Dardati, E., dan Saygili, M. (2012). Multinationals and environmental regulation: Are foreign firms harmful?. Environment and Development Economics, 17(2), 163–186.

D. Gao, D. Zhou, Q. Wang.(2010). International trade, RdanD technology spillovers and its effect on total-factor energi efficiency in China. Manag. Rev., 22 (8), pp. 122-128

Dewan Energi Nasional. (2014). Ketahanan Energi Indonesia 2014. Jakarta: Dewan Energi Nasional. Diakses 21 November 2019 https://www.den.go.id/index.php/publikasi/download/23

Elliott, R. J., Sun, P., dan Chen, S. (2013). Energi intensity and foreign direct investment: A Chinese city-level study. Energi Economics, 40, 484-494.

Findlay, R. (1978). Relative backwardness, direct foreign investment, and the transfer of technology: a simple dynamic model. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 92(1), 1- 16.

Fisher-Vanden, K., Jefferson, G. H., Jingkui, M., dan Jianyi, X. (2006). Technology development and energy productivity in China. Energy Economics, 28(5–6), 690– 705.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2006.05.006

Fisher-Vanden, K., Jefferson, G. H., Liu, H., dan Tao, Q. (2004). What is driving China’s decline in energi intensity?. Resource and Energi economics, 26(1), 77-97.

Frankel, J. A., dan Rose, A. K. (2005). Is trade good or bad for the environment? Sorting out the causality. Review of economics and statistiks, 87(1), 85-91.

Fosfuri, A., Motta, M., dan Rønde, T. (2001). Foreign direct investment and spillovers through workers’ mobility. Journal of international economics, 53(1), 205-222.

Girma, S., dan Hanley, A. (2015). How green are exporters? Scottish Journal of Political Economy, 62(3), 291–309.

Glass, A. J., dan Saggi, K. (2002). Multinational firms and technology transfer. Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 104(4), 495-513.

Görg, H., dan Greenaway, D. (2004). Much ado about nothing? Do domestic firms really benefit from foreign direct investment?. The World Bank Research Observer, 19(2), 171-197.

Gorg, H., dan Strobl, E. (2001). Multinational companies and productivity spillovers: A meta‐ analysis. The economic journal, 111(475), F723-F739.

Grossman, Gene and Elhanan Helpman. (1991). Innovation and Growth in the World Economy,Cambridge, MA: MIT Press

Harrison, A. E., dan Eskeland, G. (2003). Moving to greener pastures? Multinationals and the pollution haven hypothesis. J. Dev. Econ., 70 (1) (2003), pp. 1-23

He, J. (2006). Pollution haven hypothesis and environmental impacts of foreign direct investment: The case of industrial emission of sulfur dioxide (SO2) in Chinese provinces. Ecological economics, 60(1), 228

Herrerias, M. J., Cuadros, A., dan Orts, V. (2013). Energy intensity and investment ownership across Chinese provinces. Energy Economics, 36, 286–298.

Huq, M., dan Wheeler, D. (1993). Pollution reduction without formal regulation: evidence from Bangladesh. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, 39.

Hübler, M., dan Keller, A. (2010). Energi savings via FDI? Empirical evidence from developing countries. Environment and Development economics, 15(1), 59-80.

IEA (International Energi Agency). (2015). Capturing the Multiple Benefits of Energi Efficiency. International Energi Agency.

Imbruno, M., dan Ketterer, T. D. (2018). Energi efficiency gains from importing intermediate inputs: Firm-level evidence from Indonesia. Journal of Development Economics, 135, 117-141.

Jiang, X., Zhu, K., dan Green, C. (2015). China's energi saving potential from the perspective of energi efficiency advantages of foreign-invested enterprises. Energi Economics, 49, 104-112

Kokko, A. (1994). Technology, market characteristics, and spillovers. Journal of development economics, 43(2), 279-293.

Keller, W. (2004), ‘International technology diffusion’,Journal of Economic Literature, 42: 752–782.

Kementerian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral, 2018. Handbook of Energi and Economic Statistiks of Indonesia 2018. Jakarta: Kementerian ESDM.

Lan, J., Kakinaka, M., dan Huang, X. (2012). Foreign direct investment, human capital and environmental pollution in China. Environmental and Resource Economics, 51(2), 255-275.

Levinsohn, J., dan Petrin, A. (2003). Estimating production functions using inputs to control for unobservables. The review of economic studies, 70(2), 317-341.

Lin, B., dan Jia, Z. (2019). What will China's carbon emission trading market affect with only electricity sector involvement? A CGE based study. Energi Economics, 78, 301-311.

List, J. A., dan Co, C. Y. (2000). The effects of environmental regulations on foreign direct investment. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 40(1), 1-20.

López, R. A., dan Yadav, N. (2010). Imports of Intermediate Inputs and Spillover Effects: Evidence from Chilean Plants. Journal of Development Studies 46, 1385–403.

Martin, L. A. (2011). Energi efficiency gains from trade: greenhouse gas emissions and India’s manufacturing sector. Mimeograph, Berkeley ARE.

McAusland, C., dan Millimet, D. L. (2013). Do national borders matter? Intranational trade, international trade, and the environment. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 65(3), 411-437.

Mielnik, O., dan Goldemberg, J. (2002). Foreign direct investment and decoupling between energy and gross domestic product in developing countries. Energy policy, 30(2), 87- 89.

Mulyani, D., dan Hartono, J. (2018). Pengaruh efisiensi energi listrik pada sektor industri dan komersial terhadap permintaan listrik di Indonesia. Jurnal Ekonomi Kuantitatif Terapan, 11 [1]: 1-7.

Montalbano, P., dan Nenci, S. (2019). Energy efficiency, productivity and exporting: firm-level evidence in Latin America. Energy Economics, 79, 97-110.

Olley, G. S., dan Pakes, A. (1992). The dynamics of productivity in the telecommunications equipment industry (No. w3977). National Bureau of Economic Research.

Pavcnik, N. (2003). What explains skill upgrading in less developed countries?. Journal of Development Economics, 71(2), 311-328.

PEACE. (2007). Indonesia and Climate Change: Current Status and Policies.

Petrović, P., Filipović, S., dan Radovanović, M. (2018). Underlying causal factors of the European Union energy intensity: Econometric evidence. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 89(June 2017), 216–227.

Roy, J., dan Yasar, M. (2015). Energi efficiency and exporting: Evidence from firm-level data.

Energi Economics, 52, 127-135.

Sadorsky, P. (2010). The impact of financial development on energy consumption in emerging economies. Energy policy, 38(5), 2528-2535.

Saggi, K. (2002). Trade, foreign direct investment, and international technology transfer: A survey. The World Bank Research Observer, 17(2), 191-235.

Shephard, R. W. (2015). Theory of cost and production functions. Princeton University Press.

Sjöholm, F., dan Takii, S. (2008). Foreign Network and Exports : Results From Indonesia Panel Data. The Developing Economies, 428-446

Sinton, J. E., dan Levine, M. D. (1994). Changing energy intensity in Chinese industry. The relatively importance of structural shift and intensity change. Energy Policy, 22(3),239–255.

Spencer, J. W. (2008). The impact of multinational enterprise strategy on indigenous enterprises: Horizontal spillovers and crowding out in developing countries. Academy of Management Review, 33(2), 341-361.

Strike, V. M., Gao, J., dan Bansal, P. (2006). Being good while being bad: Social responsibility and the international diversification of US firms. Journal of International Business Studies, 37(6), 850-862.

Wheeler, D., dan Pargal, S. (1999). Informal regulation of industrial pollution in developing countries: evidence from Indonesia. The World Bank.

Wu, Y. (2012). Energy intensity and its determinants in China's regional economies. Energy Policy, 41, 703-711.

Xu, Bin. 2000. “Multinational Enterprises, Technology Diffusion, and Host Country Productivity Growth,”J. Devel. Econ., 62:2, pp. 477–93

Yasar, M., dan Paul, C. J. M. (2007). International linkages and productivity at the plant level: Foreign direct investment, exports, imports and licensing. Journal of International Economics, 71(2), 373-388.

Zhang, Y., Li, H., Li, Y., dan Zhou, L. A. (2010). FDI spillovers in an emerging market: the role of foreign firms' country origin diversity and domestic

Download

Share

COinS