SPATIAL PATTERN OF TROPICAL CYCLONE IN SOUTH INDONESIA DURING 1990-2023

Authors

Agus Salim Nur, Indonesian Agency for Meteorology Climatology and Geophysics, JakartaFollow
Adi Wibowo, Department of Geography, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Depok City, 16424, IndonesiaFollow
Supriatna Supriatna Department of Geography, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Universitas IndonesiaFollow
Stefanus Binoto Tampubolon, Indonesian Agency for Meteorology Climatology and Geophysics, JakartaFollow

Abstract

Tropical cyclones are one of the most destructive weather phenomena because they pose three main dangers: heavy rainfall, strong winds, and storm surge. The occurrence of tropical cyclones is expected to increase both in terms of intensity and geographical spread due to climate change. Indonesia, located around the equator with a low Coriolis force, was previously considered safe from tropical cyclones. This study aims to examine the spatial pattern of tropical cyclones in the southern part of Indonesia during the period from 1990 to 2023 to understand the extent to which tropical cyclones can occur near the equator. The analysis of tropical cyclone data was conducted using satellite imagery and the Dvorak analysis method. The dates and positions (latitude and longitude) were extracted using GIS. The results show that the spatial pattern of tropical cyclones in southern Indonesia between 1990 and 2023 indicates that cyclones are more prevalent in the eastern region of Indonesia (Indian Ocean south of Nusa Tenggara, Timor Sea, Sawu Sea, Arafura Sea, and the Gulf of Carpentaria). Out of a total of 217 tropical cyclones in southern Indonesia, 113 (52%) formed in the eastern region, while 104 (48%) developed in the western region (Indian Ocean southwest of Sumatra to south of Bali). Of the 217 tropical cyclones that formed in southern Indonesia, 44 occurred at latitudes ≤ 11° S, or within Indonesian territory, with 29 (66%) forming in the western region and 15 (34%) in the eastern region of Indonesia. The results conclude that the spatial pattern of tropical cyclones has been updated compared to the previous theory, which stated that Indonesia was a cyclone-free zone due to its location less than 10° from the equator.

Bahasa Abstract

Siklon tropis merupakan salah satu fenomena cuaca yang paling merusak karena menimbulkan tiga bahaya utama: hujan lebat, angin kencang, dan gelombang badai. Kejadian siklon tropis diperkirakan akan meningkat baik dari segi intensitas maupun sebaran geografis akibat perubahan iklim. Indonesia yang terletak di sekitar garis khatulistiwa dengan gaya Coriolis yang rendah sebelumnya dianggap aman dari siklon tropis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pola spasial siklon tropis di wilayah Indonesia bagian selatan selama kurun waktu 1990 hingga 2023 untuk memahami sejauh mana siklon tropis dapat terjadi di dekat garis khatulistiwa. Analisis data siklon tropis dilakukan dengan menggunakan citra satelit dan metode analisis Dvorak. Tanggal dan posisi (lintang dan bujur) diekstraksi menggunakan SIG. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pola spasial siklon tropis di Indonesia bagian selatan antara tahun 1990 dan 2023 menunjukkan bahwa siklon lebih banyak terjadi di wilayah timur Indonesia (Samudra Hindia selatan Nusa Tenggara, Laut Timor, Laut Sawu, Laut Arafura, dan Teluk Carpentaria). Dari total 217 siklon tropis di Indonesia bagian selatan, 113 (52%) terbentuk di wilayah timur, sedangkan 104 (48%) berkembang di wilayah barat (Samudra Hindia barat daya Sumatera hingga selatan Bali). Dari 217 siklon tropis yang terbentuk di Indonesia bagian selatan, 44 terjadi pada lintang ≤ 11° LS, atau di dalam wilayah Indonesia, dengan 29 (66%) terbentuk di wilayah barat dan 15 (34%) di wilayah timur Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa pola spasial siklon tropis telah diperbarui dibandingkan dengan teori sebelumnya, yang menyatakan bahwa Indonesia merupakan zona bebas siklon karena letaknya kurang dari 10° dari ekuator.

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Recommended Citation

Nur, Agus Salim; Wibowo, Adi; Supriatna, Supriatna Department of Geography, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia; and Tampubolon, Stefanus Binoto (2024) "SPATIAL PATTERN OF TROPICAL CYCLONE IN SOUTH INDONESIA DURING 1990-2023," Jurnal Geografi Lingkungan Tropik (Journal of Geography of Tropical Environments): Vol. 8: No. 2, Article 1.
Available at: https://scholarhub.ui.ac.id/jglitrop/vol8/iss2/1