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Abstract

The freedom of expression is thriving due to the global use of the internet. The digital era has revolutionized the scope, practices, and even the definition of freedom expression. However, it also evokes a number of social concerns. Offenses such as the circulation of defamation, hate speech, misleading propaganda to the masses, and fraud, for instance, can be found in the internet. Certain limitations deriving from the conditions prescribed by the human rights principles and instruments as well as the national constitution are therefore prudent to prevent the excess of freedom. As a state that abides to the rule of law, Indonesia recognizes the freedom of expression as a manifestation of human rights that is crucial to democracy. While new laws such as the Information and Electronic Transaction Act have been enacted to answer the challenges brought by the digital era upon the freedom of expression, the question of whether the existing laws have accommodated an ideal balance between restriction and protection for the freedom of expression remains a matter worth reviewing. This paper aims to study the limits of the freedom of expression, particularly in the digital context, in the constellation of the Indonesian legal system and how they converge and correlate with one another. Finally, this study concludes that the Indonesian government must protect its citizens from the spread and use of illegal content in electronic communications by enforcing and harmonizing its criminal, private, and administrative law configurations.

Bahasa Abstract

Penggunaan internet secara global mengembangkan kebebasan berekspresi. Era digital telah merevolusi jangkauan, praktik, bahkan definisi dari kebebasan berekspresi itu sendiri. Namun kenyataan tersebut menimbulkan beberapa kekhawatiran. Tindak pidana seperti penyebaran pencemaran nama baik, ujaran kebencian, propaganda menyesatkan kepada publik dan penipuan telah merajalela di internet. Maka dari itu, pembatasan tertentu yang didasarkan kondisi yang telah ditentukan dalam prinsip dan instrumen hak asasi manusia serta konstitusi diperlukan untuk mencegah penyalahgunaan kebebasan. Sebagai negara hukum, Indonesia mengakui kebebasan berekspresi sebgai manifestasi dari hak asasi manusia yang krusial dalam demokrasi. Meskipun peraturan perundang-undangan baru seperti Undang Undang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik telah diundangkan untuk menjawab tantangan yang dibawa oleh era digital terhadap kebebasan berekspresi, terdapat keraguan terkait kemampuan undang-undang yang berlaku dalam mengakomodasi keseimbangan yang ideal antara pembatasan dan perlindungan kebebasan berkespresi, yang menjadi persoalan yang patut untuk dikaji. Karya tulis ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari batasan daripada kebebasan berekspresi, terutama dalam konteks digital, di dalam konstelasi sistem hukum Indonesia dan bagaimana hal tersebut berkonvergensi dan berkorelasi satu sama lain. Terakhir, kajian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pemerintah Indonesia harus melindungi warga negaranya dari persebaran dan penggunaan konten ilegal dalam komunikasi elektronik dengan menegakkan dan mengharmonisasi konfigurasi hukum pidana, perdata dan administratif.

References

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