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Abstract

The phrase “who says contractual, says justice” “qui dit contractuel dit juste” does not fully express the truth of our present reality, where the phrase itself falls into doubt, since the contract does not always result in fair obligations, as the contract is an expression of often unequal wills. In this regard, the French judiciary realized that the absence of justice in the contract might arise as a result of the contractual freedom afforded to the contracting parties and, thus, they developed the idea of Commutative Justice in the contract, such as the Piller’s decision, which is considered one of its most important applications. However, the causation theory in the Palestinian Civil Code Draft and the Indonesian Civil Code was limited to monitoring the matter of the existence of the corresponding obligation whatever it was. In this context, this paper seeks to prove that the provisions of the causation theory in the Palestinian Civil Code Draft and the Indonesian Civil Code can be used as a means of monitoring the economic contractual equilibrium of the contract. To do so, the legal provisions of the causation theory should be analysed in a comparative analytical approach with the French judicial decisions to illustrate the Palestinian and Indonesian legislative deficiencies and the need for adopting the French judicial approach.

Bahasa Abstract

Ungkapan “yang menyatakan kontrak, maka menyatakan keadilan.” “qui dit contractuel dit juste” tidak sepenuhnya menggambarkan hakekat realita kita saat ini, di mana ungkapan tersebut diragukan, sebab kontrak tidak selalu membuahkan kewajiban yang adil, seakan kontrak adalah bentuk kehendak yang seringnya tidak setara. Berkenaan dengan hal ini, pengadilan Prancis menyadari bahwa tidak adanya keadilan dalam kontrak mungkin timbul sebagai akibat dari kebebasan kontraktual yang diberikan kepada pihak-pihak penyelenggara kontrak, maka dari itu mereka mengembangkan gagasan Keadilan Komutatif dalam kontrak, seperti ketetapan Piller, yang dianggap sebagai salah satu penerapan terpentingnya. Meski begitu, teori sebab akibat yang terdapat pada rancangan KUH Perdata Palestina dan KUH Perdata Indonesia terbatas untuk memantau perihal keberadaan kewajiban yang sesuai bagaimanapun bentuknya. Dalam konteks tersebut, makalah ini berupaya membuktikan bahwa ketetapan teori sebab-akibat dalam rancangan KUH Perdata Palestina dan KUH Perdata Indonesia dapat digunakan sebagai alat pemantau keseimbangan kontrak ekonomi dari kontrak tersebut. Untuk melakukan hal itu, ketetapan hukum dari teori sebab-akibat harus dianalisis meggunakan pendekatan analitik komparatif terhadap keputusan yudisial Prancis untuk menggambarkan kekurangan legislatif Palestina dan Indonesia serta kebutuhan untuk mengadopsi pendekatan yudisial Prancis.

References

Legal Documents

French Civil Code of 1804.

Indonesian Civil Code, April 1847 (ICC).

Official Explanatory of the Palestinian Civil Code Draft (OEPDCC).

Palestinian Civil Code Draft (PDCC).

Books

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Thesis

Or’ara. Assali, The Contractual Balance at the Conclusion of the Contract, PhD Thesis, Department of Law, University of Algeria 1, Algeria, 2015.

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