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Abstract

This article has been developed through an analysis of primary and secondary sources concerning the nationalization’s policy of the Dutch enterprises in Indonesia as had been conducted by Soekarno’s regime back in 1958. The impact of this said policy has been so much felt very strongly to these days, most especially on the ex-concessionary lands of the Dutch enterprises in North Sumatera. The flaws made by the Indonesian government in interpreting the terminology of Concession to the Cultivation Rights on Lands, in the said nationalization policy, have created various endless conflicts among central and regional governments, state-owned enterprises, the Sultanates (mainly the Deli and the Serdang), private-owned companies, the military and other interest groups. At certain ends, these critical disputes have left some saddening and murky situations whereas the ancestral lands belonging to Melayu people, which were put in concession by the Sultanate to the Dutch-owned enterprises, were gradually missing in terms of identity and without any compensation to this ethnic group.

Bahasa Abstract

Artikel ini dikembangkan melalui analisis sumber primer dan sekunder terkait kebijakan nasionalisasi perusahaan-perusahaan Belanda di Indonesia yang dilakukan oleh pemerintahan Soekarno pada tahun 1958. Dampak dari kebijakan ini masih terasa sampai hari ini, khususnya di eks tanah-tanah konsesi perusahaan perkebunan Belanda di Sumatera Utara. Kesalahan pemerintah Indonesia di dalam menafsirkan (mengkonversi) terminologi konsesi menjadi hak guna usaha dalam kebijakan nasionalisasi tersebut menimbulkan konflik yang berkepanjangan diantara pemerintah (daerah dan pusat), perkebunan negara, Institusi Kesultanan (khususnya Deli dan Serdang), perusahaan swasta, TNI dan kelompok-kelompok kepentingan lainnya. Ujung dari kemelut ini menyisakan keadaan menyedihkan dimana tanah-tanah adat orang Melayu yang dahulunya dikonsesikan oleh Kesultanan kepada Perusahaan Belanda, berangsur-angsur hilang tanpa memberikan kompensasi apapun terhadap kelompok etnis ini.

References

Bibliography

Legal Documents

Law No.1/1957 Republic of Indonesia. The Basic Law of The Federal Republic Germany, 1949. The Bremen Tobacco Case (1960) Departement of Information, Republic Indonesia, Jakarta. Vertaling Parlementaire Stukken m.b.t. Wet op de Nasionalisatie van Nederlandse Bedrijven (1959) ‘S-Gravenhage, 6 February.

Books: Friedman. S (1941) Expropriation in International Law. London, Stevens. Herz, J.H. Expropriation of Foreign Property. American Journal of International Law, Vol.35. Gordijn, Wim (2010) Ambil Alih: Overname van Nederlandse Bedrijven in Indonesie in 1957/1958. Doktoral Werkgroup “Nederlanders in Indonesie 1950-1960. Leiden, KITLV. Sanusi, Achmad (1963) The Dynamics of The Nationalization of Dutch-Owned Enterprises in Indonesia: A Political, Legal, Economic Development and Administrative Analysis. Indiana University. Siong, Gouw Giok (1960) Hukum Internasional pada Nasionalisasi di Indonesia. Jakarta, Fakultas Hukum dan Pengetahuan Masyarakat, Universitas Indonesia. Van de Waal, Robert (1950) Richtlijnen voor Een Ontwikkelinsplan voor de Oostkust van Sumatra. Wageningen. Wolff, Martin (1950) Private International Law, Oxford.

Articles Bank, J.Th (1996) Rubber, Rijk and Religie, De Koloniale Trilogie in de Indonsische Kwestie 1945-1949. Bijdragen en Mededelingen betreffende de Geschiedenis der Nederlanden. Domke, Martin (1960) Indonesian Nationalization Measures Before Foreign Courts. The American Journal of International Law. Vol.54 No.2, April. Lemaire, WLG (1959). De Onderbeheerstellingen en de Nasionalisaties van de Nederlandse Bedrijven in Indonesia. Leiden, Rechtsgeleerd Magazijn Themis. Aflevering 4. NRC, 19 Agustus 1957. The Netherlands International Law Review (1959) Vol.VI, July. Van de Kerkhof, Jasper (2005) Indonesianisasi of Dutch Ecnomic Interests, 1930-1960: The Case of Internatio,. Bijdragen Tot de Taal, Land en Volkenkunde, 161.2/3. Leiden, KITLV.

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