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Abstract

Following the liberalization of the aviation industry, airlines have been searching for the right business model for their expansion. Today the business concept of the airline alliance is deemed as the correct answer, as many big airlines have joined to secure their business. Code-share arrangements could be seen as the perfect implementation of an airline alliance. Alliances are more flexible than cross-border mergers and takeovers due to national restrictions, making it legally viable and thus a preference. However, code-share arrangements have further legal implications that have led into classification of carriers and ended up a liability issue. There are several applicable conventions and protocols dealing with liabilities to protect airline passengers which is known as the Warsaw-Montreal regime. Anti-competition and consumer protection issues are the other main issues. This article shall analyze the legal issues surrounding the tragic code-shared Flight MH17 incident, also mentioning the few Indonesian passengers’ relatives’ rights. Compensation issues in the recent case shall be discussed. Finally, insights of legal risks from conducting code-share arrangements for the rapidly growing Indonesian, and also other ASEAN member states’, airlines are also given.

Bahasa Abstract

Seiring dengan liberalisasi industri penerbangan, berbagai maskapai penerbangan tengah mencari model bisnis terbaik guna berekspansi. Dewasa ini konsep aliansi antar maskapai penerbangan sebagaimana tengah dilakukan banyak maskapai besar dianggap sebagai suatu solusi. Pengaturan kode penerbangan bersama diyakini sebagai perwujudan sempurna akan implementasi konsep aliansi antar maskapai. Ia lebih fleksibel dari tindakan penggabungan (merger) maupun pengambilalihan (takeover) lintas batas negara yang umumnya terkendala berbagai batasan menurut hukum nasional masing-masing, lantas menjadikannya sebagai preferensi utama. Namun, konsep pengaturan kode penerbangan bersama juga memiliki implikasi hukum dimana berujung kepada klasifikasi maskapai penerbangan beserta pertanggungjawabannya yang kompleks. Saat ini terdapat beberapa konvensi dan protokol guna melindungi hak para penumpang maskapai penerbangan sebagaimana dikenal sebagai rezim Warsaw-Montreal. Persoalan seputar hukum anti-kompetisi maupun perlindungan konsumen terkait pengaturan kode penerbangan bersama juga akan dibahas. Artikel ini akan menganalisis isu hukum seputar insiden tragis Penerbangan MH17 beserta hakhak keluarga penumpang berkewarganegaraan Indonesia, termasuk perihal pemberian ganti kerugian. Pada akhirnya akan disajikan suatu saran, baik kepada maskapai Indonesia maupun ASEAN, terkait potensi permasalahan hukum dibalik kode penerbangan bersama.

References

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