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Abstract

Forced evictions are considered as a “global epidemic” since they occur in several countries regardless of the states’ development level. The private ownership issues and the development issues are examples of rationales behind forced evictions. Under the human rights regime, states are obliged to refrain from any eviction, moreover, the states are required to adopt measures preventing forced evictions from happening or provide the victims with legal mechanisms to challenge the policies if evictions occur. International law prohibits forced evictions and offers a guideline for forced eviction triggered by development. This paper will investigate the legality of forced evictions happening in Jakarta, Indonesia and critically examine the reason of “public interest” proffered by the authorities as to whether the forced evictions are in contrary to the international obligations to which Indonesia has subscribed or whether it can be justified by the wider public interests reasoning. The author argues that in the name of development, a conflict of interests between a larger public interest and the interest of the evicted community may occur. Since forced evictions are associated with violations of human rights, especially the right to adequate housing, therefore the interests of both public and community should be given more attention particularly if forced evictions cannot be avoided.

Bahasa Abstract

Penggusuran paksa sering disebut sebagai peristiwa yang merupakan endemik global, dimana penggusuran paksa terjadi di banyak negara tanpa memandang tingkat pembangunan negara tersebut. Penggusuran terjadi baik di negara miskin maupun di negara-negara maju dan kaya. Latar belakang terjadinya penggusuran paksa antara lain adalah isu kepemilikan tanah oleh pihak swasta maupun karena pembangunan. Di bawah rejim hak asasi manusia, negara negara mempunyai kewajiban untuk menahan diri untuk tidak melakukan penggusuran atau dengan kata lain melakukan penggusuran dengan seminimal mungkin. Lebih jauh, negara negara juga diwajibkan untuk mengambil langkah langkah untuk mencegah terjadinya penggusuran serta menyediakan mekanisme mekanisme hukum yang dapat ditempuh bagi para korban, jika memang penggusuran paksa harus terjadi. Hukum internasional melarang penggusuran paksa. Pada level internasional terdapat pula pedoman bagi pelaksanaan penggusuran paksa yang terjadi karena proses pembangunan. Artikel ini menganalisa legalitas penggusuran paksa yang terjadi di Kampung Pulo Jakarta. Secara kritis, artikel ini menganalisa alasan penggusuran paksa apakah dapat dijustifikasi dengan alasan kepentingan umum dan apakah prosedur penggusuran yang terjadi telah sesuai dengan hukum internasional sebagaimana telah diratifikasi oleh Pemerintah Indonesia. Penulis berpendapat bahwa didalam melaksanakan pembangunan nasional, pertentangan kepentingan umum serta kepentingan komunitas yang tergusur sering terjadi pertentangan, sehingga keduanya perlu diperhatikan serta harus dilindungi apabila penggusuran tidak dapat dihindarkan.

References

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