•  
  •  
 

Abstract

In 1999, the Government of Indonesia established Government Regulation (GR) 32/1999 on the Procedures for the Implementation of the Rights of Inmates which has been most recently amended by GR 99/2012. However, the establishment of GR 99/2012 creates complication and unfairly discriminates against inmates committing extraordinary crimes (terrorism, drug abuse, corruption, crimes against the security of the state, crimes against humanity and other transnational organized crimes) impeding such inmates to file for remission and parole. This paper examines the consistency between the implementation of GR 99/2012 and the concept of criminal punishment in Indonesia. It is a summary of empirical juridical research that reports on the influences of GR 99/2012 on inmates in correctional institutions. Data used for this research was obtained from interviews, observation, desk reviews and focus group discussion with government officials. Based on the findings, it can be inferred that GR 99/2012 has impeded the fulfillment of inmates’ rights to file for parole and remission due to complicated procedures, additional fines, and multi interpretation of the regulation. Furthermore, it affects the aggravation of overcrowding, violations against inmates’ rights, and illegal practices within the process. Based on the analysis discussed in this paper, GR 99/2012 is inconsistent with the concept of criminal punishment in Indonesia because it impedes inmates’ reintegration into society. This paper proposes that GR 99/2012 should be revoked and revised in accordance with the spirit of Corrections Act and to create synergy among law enforcers in fulfilling inmates’ rights.

Bahasa Abstract

Pada tahun 1999, Pemerintah Indonesia menerbitkan Peraturan Pemerintah (PP) 32/1999 tentang Syarat dan Tata Cara Pelaksanaan Hak Warga Binaan dan terakhir telah diubah dengan PP 99/2012. Penerbitan PP 99/2012 memberikan kesulitan serta diskriminasi terhadap warga binaan yang telah melakukan kejahatan luar biasa (tindak pidana terorisme, narkotika dan prekursor narkotika, psikotropika, korupsi, kejahatan terhadap keamanan negara dan kejahatan hak asasi manusia yang berat, serta kejahatan transnasional terorganisasi) untuk mendapatkan hak pengajuan remisi dan pembebasan bersyarat. Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang konsistensi antara implementasi PP 99/2012 dengan konsep pemidanaan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis empiris guna menjelaskan pengaruh PP 99/2012 terhadap warga binaan di lembaga pemasyarakatan. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini diperoleh melalui wawancara, observasi, studi literatur dan focus group discussion dengan aparat pemerintah. Berdasarkan hasil temuan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa PP 99/2012 mempersulit pelaksanaan hak warga binaan dalam memperoleh pembebasan bersyarat dan remisi. Lebih lanjut, hal itu mempengaruhi kelebihan kapasitas di lembaga pemasyarakatan, pelanggaran hak-hak warga binaan, serta praktik-praktik ilegal dalam proses pelaksanaan hak warga binaan tersebut. Berdasarkan analisis dalam penelitian ini, PP 99/2012 tidak sesuai dengan konsep pemidanaan di Indonesia karena menyulitkan warga binaan untuk dapat kembali ke masyarakat. Penulis mengajukan saran agar PP 99/2012 tersebut dihapuskan dan direvisi sehingga sesuai dengan jiwa Undang-undang Pemasyarakatan dan agar tercipta sinergi antara para penegak hukum dalam melaksanakan hak-hak warga binaan.

References

Bibliography Legal Documents Indonesia. The 1945 Constitution of the State of the Republic of Indonesia. Indonesia. Peraturan Pemerintah tentang Perubahan Kedua atas Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 32 tahun 1999 tentang Syarat dan Tata Cara Pelaksanaan Hak Warga Binaan Pemasyarakatan [Government Regulation regarding the Second Amendment to the Government Regulation Number 32 of 1999 on the Terms and Procedures for the Implementation of Right of the Inmates]. PP No. 99 tahun 2012 LN No. 225 TLN No. 5359 (GR No. 99 of 2012, SG No. 225 of 2012), Art. 34; hereinafter referred as “GR 99/2012”. Indonesia. Undang-undang tentang Bantuan Hukum [Law on the Legal Assistance]. Undang-undang Nomor 16 tahun 2011 LN No. 104 tahun 2011 TLN No. 5248 (Law No. 16 of 2011, SG No. 104 of 2011). Direktorat Jenderal Pemasyarakatan. Surat Edaran No. KP.10.13/3/1 [Circulation Letter of Director General on Correctional Affairs No. No. KP.10.13/3/1] on 8 February 1965. Books Asri, Benyamin. Hak-Hak Tersangka dan Terdakwa Dalam Penyidikan, Penuntutan, dan Peradilan [The Rights of Suspects and Defendants in Investigation, Prosecution and Judiciary]. Bandung: Penerbit Tarsito, Bandung, 1989. Atmasasmita, Romli. Strategi Pembinaan Terhadap Para Pelanggar Hukum di Indonesia [Development Strategy for the Law Offenders in Indonesia]. Bandung: Alumni, 1982. Badan Pengkajian Hukum Nasional. Peran Pemerintah Daerah Dalam Pemenuhan Hak Atas Keadilan, (Studi Tentang Akses Bantuan Hukum Bagi Masyarakat Miskin) [The Role of Regional Government in The Fulfillment of the Right to Justice (A Study on Access to Legal Assistance for the Poor)]. Jakarta: Percetakan Pohon Cahaya, 2012. Black, Henry Campbell. Black’s Law Dictionary, 5th ed. St. Paul Minn: West Publishing Co., 1979. Brotosusilo, Agus. et.al. Penulisan Hukum: Buku Pegangan Dosen [Legal Writing: A Reference Manual for Lecturers]. Jakarta: Konsorsium Ilmu Hukum Departemen PDK, Jakarta, 1994. Bruggink, J. J. H. Recht Reflecties, Grondbegrippen Uit De Rechtstheire. Bandung: Citra Aditya Bakti, 1996. Gijssels, Jan Mark Van Hoekce. What is Legal Theory? [Apakah teori Hukum itu?], Translated by B. Arief Sidharta. Bandung: Faculty of Law Universitas Katolik Parahyangan, Bandung, 2000. Hamzah, Andi and RM Surachman, Pre-Trial Justice Discretionary Justice Dalam KUHAP Berbagai Negara [Pre-Trial Justice Discretionary of Criminal Procedural Law in Several Countries], Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2015. Harahap, M. Yahya. Pembahasan Permasalahan dan Penerapan KUHAP Penyidikan dan Penuntutan [A Discussion of the Issues and Implementation of Criminal Procedural Law: Investigation and Prosecution], Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2001. Kelsen, Hans. The Pure Theory of Law. Oakland: University of California Press, 1978. Kelsen, Hans. What Is Justice? Justice, Law and Politics in The Mirror of Science. Oakland: University of California Press, 1957. Koesnadi, Moh. and Bintan Saragih, Ilmu Negara [Theory of State], ed.2, Jakarta: Gaya Media Pratama, 1998.

Lloyd, Dennis and M.D.A. Freeman. Introduction to Jurisprudence. London: Sweet & Maxwell Limited, 2004. Lubis, Todung Mulya, Bantuan Hukum dan Kemiskinan Struktural [Legal Assistance and Structural Poverty], ed.1, Jakarta: LP3ES, 1986. Nasution, Adnan Buyung, Bantuan Hukum di Indonesia [Legal Assistance in Indonesia], Jakarta: LP3ES, 1988. Pandjaitan, Petrus Irwan and Wiwik Sri Widiarty. Pembaruan Pemikiran dr. Sahardjo Mengenai Pemasyarakatan Narapidana [Renewal of the Thoughts of dr. Saharjo regarding Inmate Corrections]. Jakarta: CV Indhill Co. 2008. Pangaribuan, Luhut M. P. Hukum Acara Pidana, Surat Resmi Advokat di Pengadilan [Criminal Procedural Law: Advocate’s Official Documents in a Court]. Jakarta: Papas Sinar Sinanti, 2013. Prakoso, Djoko and Agus Ismunarso. Hak Asasi Tersangka dan Peranan Psikologi dalam Konteks KUHAP [The Rights of Suspects and The Role of Psychology in The Context of Criminal Procedural Law]. Jakarta: Bina Aksara, 1987. Priyatno, Dwija. Sistem Pelaksanaan Pidana Penjara di Indonesia [Imprisonment Sanction Implementation System in Indonesia]. Bandung: Refika Aditama, 2006. Prodjohamidjojo, Martiman. Penasehat dan Bantuan Hukum Indonesia [Indonesian Counsel and Legal Assistance], Jakarta: Ghalia Indonesia, 1987. Rawls, John. A Theory of Justice. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1973. Romli Atmasasmita, Kapita Selekta Hukum Pidana dan Kriminologi [Selective Reading on Criminal Law and Criminology] (Bandung: Mandar Maju, 1995), p. 83; See also N. H. Rafter, “The Social Construction of Crime and Crime Control,” Journal of Research in Crime adn Delinquency 27, no. 4 (1990), pp. 376-380. Saleh, Abdul Rahman. Verboden Voor Honden En Inlanders dan Lahirlah LBH, Catatan 40 Tahun Pasang Surut Keadilan [The Prohibition for Dogs and Indonesian and The Emergence of Legal Aid Institution, 40 Years Note of Tidal Wave of Justice], Jakarta: YLBHI, 2012. Sitompul, D. P. M. Polisi dan Penangkapan [Police and Arrest]. Bandung: Perguruan Tinggi Ilmu Kepolisian, 1985. Soekanto, Soerjono. Bantuan Hukum Suatu Tinjauan Sosio Yuridis [Legal Assistance: A Socio-Legal Review]. Jakarta: Ghalia Indonesia, 1983. Soemadipradja, R. Achmad S. and Romli Atmasasmita, eds. Sistem Pemasyarakatan di Indonesia [Correction System in Indonesia]. Bandung: Binacipta, 1979. Sudirman, Didin. Masalah-Masalah Aktual Bidang Pemasyarakatan [Some Actual Issues in the Correctional Fields]. Jakarta: Pusat Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Kebijakan Departemen Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia Republik Indonesia. Sujanto, Adi. Pencerahan di Balik Penjara, Dari Sangkar Menuju Sanggar Untuk Menjadi Manusia Mandiri [Enlightenment Behind the Cells, from the Cage Towards the Studio to Become an Independent Human]. Jakarta: Teraju, 2008. Winata, Frans Hendra. Bantuan Hukum di Indonesia Hak untuk Didampingi Penasihat Hukum Bagi Semua Warga Negara [Legal Assistance in Indonesia: The Right to Assistance of Counsel for All Citizens]. Jakarta: PT. Elex media Komputindo, 2011. Articles Clear, T., D. R. Rose and J. A. Ryder, “Incarceration and the Community: The Problem of Removing and Returning Offenders,” Crime & Deliquency 47, no. 5 (2001): 335-351.

Goodstein, L.“Inmate adjustment to prison and the transition to community life,” Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 16, no. 2 (1979): 246-72. Rafter, N.H. “The Social Construction of Crime and Crime Control.” Journal of Research in Crime adn Delinquency 27, no. 4 (1990): 376-389. Zamble, E.“Behavior and Adaptation in long term Prison Inmates: Descriptive Longitudinal Result.” Criminal Justice and Behavior 19, no. 4 (1992): 409-25. Unpublished Sources Focus Group Discussion “Peningkatan Pemahaman Perundang-Undangan Bagi Masyarakat dan Instansi Terkait [Legislation Understanding Improvement for the Community and Related Agency]”, held on 9 July 2015 at DKI Jakarta Regional Office of Law and Human Rights. Harsono. Pembangunan di Bidang Penegakkan dan Penyelenggaraan Hukum [Development in Law Enforcement and Justice Administration]. Wahyono, Padmo. Pemberian Bantuan Hukum Oleh Fakultas Hukum Negeri [Providing Legal Assistance by Faculty of Law in Public Universities], Jakarta: Fakultas Hukum Negeri, 1976.

Download

Share

COinS