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Abstract

The drafters of the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) have left behind a lacunae in terms of the regulations concerning Biodiversity in the Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ). As living organisms are found in the deep seabed in areas beyond national jurisdiction, as well as the utilization of marine genetic resources beyond national jurisdiction for commercial purposes, States are currently deliberating on the proper regime in dealing with the management and exploitation of the biodiversity. Some States argue that Part XI UNCLOS applies hence BBNJ is also part of the Common Heritage of Mankind. On the other hand, some States believe that Part VII UNCLOS applies which will allow individual States to exploit the resources in accordance with the principle of the freedom of the high seas. Since 2004, the UN General Assembly has established a Working Group to discuss the issue. Indonesia as a Party to UNCLOS which in general advocates the importance of the rule of law in the oceans has the interest that the discussion in the UN will allow developing countries, including Indonesia, to enjoy the result of the exploration and exploitation of non-mineral resources at the bottom of the ocean.

Bahasa Abstract

Para perumus Konvensi Hukum Laut PBB 1982 (UNCLOS) telah meninggalkan kekosongan terkait dengan pengaturan mengenai Keanekaragaman Hayati di Luar Yurisdiksi Negara. Seiring dengan ditemukannya mahluk hidup di dasar laut di wilayah di luar yurisdiksi negara, Negara, dan kegunaan sumber daya genetika di luar yurisdiksi negara untuk keperluan komersial. Negara di dunia saat ini berdebat mengenai rezim yang tepat untuk mengatur pengelolaan dan eksploitasi keanekaragaman hayati tersebut. Sebagian berpendapat bahwa rezim Bagian XI UNCLOS yang berlaku sehingga keanekaragaman hayati di dasar lautan yang terdapat area di luar yurisdiksi negara merupakan bagian dari Warisan Bersama Umat Manusia. Di pihak lain terdapat pandangan bahwa rezim yang berlaku adalah Bagian VII UNCLOS sehingga seluruh Negara berhak mengeksploitasi sumber daya dimaksud sesuai dengan prinsip Kebebasan di Laut Lepas. Sejak tahun 2004, Majelis Umum PBB telah membentuk suatu Kelompok Kerja yang bertugas untuk membahas isu dimaksud. Indonesia sebagai Negara Pihak UNCLOS yang secara umum mengadvokasi pentingnya kepastian serta penegakan hukum di laut berkepentingan agar pembahasan di PBB itu dapat membuat negara-negara berkembang, termasuk Indonesia, bisa turut menikmati hasil dari eksplorasi maupun eksploitasi dari sumber daya non-mineral di dasar lautan.

References

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