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Abstract

Both Australia and Indonesia have made commitments to combatting human trafficking. Through the experience of Mary Jane Veloso it can be seen that it is most often the vulnerable ‘mule’ that is apprehended by law enforcement and not the powerful leaders of crime syndicates. It is unacceptable that those vulnerable individuals may face execution for acts committed under threat of force, coercion, fraud, deception or abuse of power. For this reason it is vital that a system of victim identification is developed, including better training for law enforcement, legal representatives and members of the judiciary. This paper builds on submissions by authors for Australian Parliamentary Inquiry into Human Trafficking, and focusses on issues arising in the complex cross section of human trafficking, drug trafficking, and the death penalty with particular attention on identifying victims and effective reporting mechanisms in both Australia and Indonesia. It concludes that, in the context of human trafficking both countries could make three main improvements to law and policy, among others, 1) enactment of laws that create clear mandatory protection for human trafficking victims; 2) enactment of criminal laws that provides complete defence for victim of human trafficking; 3) enactment of corporate reporting mechanisms.

Bahasa Abstract

Australia dan Indonesia, keduanya telah membuat komitmen untuk memerangi perdagangan manusia. Melalui pengalaman Mary Jane Veloso, dapat dilihat bahwa seringkali penyelundup yang tertangkap oleh aparat penegak hukum adalah kaum rentan, dan bukannya pemimpin sindikat kriminal yang berkuasa. Sulit untuk diterima bahwa orang-orang yang rentantersebut mungkin menghadapi eksekusi atas perbuatannya yang dilakukan di bawah ancaman, paksaan, penipuan, atau penyalahgunaan wewenang. Karena alasan itulah, penting agar sistem pengenalan korban dikembangkan, termasuk pelatihan lebih baik untuk aparat penegak hukum, pengacara, serta hakim dan jaksa. Tulisan ini disusun berdasarkan laporan para penulis kepada komisi penyelidikan Parlemen Australia terhadap isu perdagangan manusia, dan berfokus pada permasalahan yang timbul dari irisan kompleks antara perdagangan manusia, perdagangan obat-obatan terlarang, dan hukuman mati, dengan perhatian khusus kepada isu identifikasi korban dan mekanisme pelaporan yang efektif bagi Australia dan Indonesia. Tulisan ini menyimpulkan bahwa dalam konteks pemberantasan perdagangan manusia, kedua negara dapat membuat tiga perbaikan dalam hukum dan kebijakannya, ketiga solusi tersebut adalah, 1) penerapan hukum yang memberikan perlindungan wajib bagi korban perdagangan manusia yang jelas; 2) pembuatan hukum pidana yang yang memberikan perlindungan secara lengkap kepada korban; 3) pembuatan mekanisme pelaporan bagi perusahaan.

References

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