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Abstract

This article reveals the opening of political and legal opportunities for the landless peasants of Central Java at the end of the 1990s to reclaim their lands that were confiscated during the end of the 1950s through a nationalization program to take over Dutch-controlled lands. Taking two sites of plantations that have been targeted as the peasantries’ land reclaiming campaign, this article shows the processes of the reclaiming, the responses of both plantation companies and state, and the respect of the state over rights to access to lands or property rights of the peasants as citizens. Using some legal and anthropological approaches, this article finds that the state—through its apparatuses in business units, legal enforcement agencies, government units, courts, etc—is trapped in a Stocksian Paradox that is worse than its original Latin American version because the state has a deep conflict of interest as one of the “counter-claimants” of the indigenous or peasantries’ claim to rights to property/land. The authors recommend that although a robust civil society representing the peasantries is one of important parts in rights-reclaiming campaigns, the deeper Stocksian Paradox remains the biggest stumbling block in fulfilling state’s roles as rights-givers to its citizens.

Bahasa Abstract

Artikel in menunjukkan terbukanya peluang-peluang politis dan hukum bagi petani tak bertanah di Jawa Tengah di penghujung tahun 1990-an untuk menuntut kembali tanah mereka yang pernah dirampas pemerintah di akhir tahun 1950-an selama program nasionalisasi atas tanahtanah yang dikuasai perusahaan perkebunan atau orang-orang Belanda. Melalui naratif di dua lokasi perkebunan yang dijadikan tempat penuntutan kembali tanah oleh para petani tak bertanah, artikel ini merunut kembali proses penuntutan kembali tanah, reaksi perusahaan perkebunan dan negara, dan penghormatan negara atas hak konstitusional warga negara atas hak atas tanah atau properti. Dengan pendekatan legal dan antropologis, artikel ini menemukan bahwa negara—lewat aparat berwujud unit-unit usaha, badan-badan penegakan hukum, unitunit pemerintahan lokal, pengadilan, dan lainnya—telah terjebak dalam Paradox Stocksian yang ternyata lebih buruk daripada versi aslinya di Amerika Latin karena negara terjebak dalam konflik kepentingan yang sulit sebagai satu dari pemain dalam perebutan hak atas tanah. Penulis menyimpulkan bahwa meskipun masyarakat sipil yang kuat mewakili kepentingan warga negara atau petani tak bertanah sangatlah penting dalam usaha-usaha penuntutan kembali hak atas tanah, Paradox Stocksian tetaplah menjadi bantu sandungan terbesar bagi negara untuk memenuhi hak-hak konstitusional warga negaranya.

References

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