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Abstract

The era following the 1972 Stockholm Declaration and subsequently the 1992 Rio de Janeiro Declaration, brought about a great amount of concern of the international community, in developed as well as under-developed countries, for human environment and natural resources preservation, management and protection. It includes the equitable allocation and distribution of natural resources as well as fair participation in environmental decision-making, respect and recognition of rights of the people and particularly indigenous communities. This is the so called access to justice for all that refers to a genuine access by people and communities to obtain just and fair democratic mechanism in respect and recognition of their basic legal rights in controlling and utilizing natural environment and resources for survival. Furthermore, access to justice means strengthening the fair involvement of the people with respect to preserving and managing the natural environment for sustainable development as to fulfill human rights as reflected in the State’s Constitution and legislation. In the context of Indonesia, the above mentioned rights of the people and communities to ecological justice are clearly articulated in the 1945 Constitution. The paper attempts to convey a critical analysis as to whether the 1945 Constitution provides a genuine or pseudo respect and recognition in relation to access to ecological justice of the people and particularly for marginalized people, namely indigenous people (masyarakat adat) in the multicultural state of Indonesia.

Bahasa Abstract

Dekade setelah Deklarasi Stockholm tahun 1972 dan kemudian dilanjutkan dengan Deklarasi Rio de Jenairo pada tahun 1992 dapat dikatakan sebagai titik awal perubahan cara pandang masyarakat internasional di negara-negara maju maupun sedang berkembang mengenai bagaimana seharusnya lingkungan hidup dan sumber daya alam dimanfaatkan dan dikelola dalam pembangunan yang berkelanjutan dan berkeadilan. Karena itu, sejak tahun 1980-an wacana akses untuk memperoleh lingkungan yang baik dan sehat dan keadilan dalam alokasi dan distribusi pemanfaatan sumber daya alam (keadilan ekologi)sebagai hak warga negara menjadi perbincangan serius terutama di negara-negara sedang berkembang termasuk Indonesia. Wacana serius yang dimaksud adalah bagaimana Negara memberi jaminan pengakuan dalam pemenuhan hak warga negara memperoleh lingkungan yang baik dan sehat dan keadilan dalam pemanfaatan sumber daya alam terutama bagi warga negara yang termarjinalisasi seperti persekutuan-persekutuan masyarakat hukum adat di daerah sebagaimana diatur dalam Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945. Artikel mencoba untuk mengkaji kritis dan memberi pemahaman apakah akses memperoleh keadilan lingkungan dan pemanfaatan, khususnya akses warga masyarakat hukum adat di Indonesia, seperti dalam Konstitusi Negara Tahun 1945 adalah pengaturan dan pengakuan yang hakiki (genuine) atau semu dan setengah hati (pseudo)?

References

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