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Abstract

Being a non-party to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees (“1951 Refugee Convention”) and 1967 Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees (“1967 Protocol”), Indonesia does not have legal obligations to provide permanent resettlement for asylum seeker and/or refugee. However, as a transit country for those seeking shelter in Australia, Indonesia undergoes a myriad of issues resulting from illegal entrance by asylum seeker and/or refugee. Besides having neither legal framework nor domestic mechanism to handle asylum seekers and/or refugee, Indonesia’s immigration law identifies every foreigner including asylum seeker and refugee who unlawfully enter Indonesia’s territory into the same box as illegal migrant. It then leads to the arrest of asylum seeker and/or refugee to be put in an over-capacity detention center or other places. This paper will analyze various issues related to asylum seeker and refugee in Indonesia and to weigh whether it is indispensable for Indonesia to accede to the 1951 Refugee Convention and its 1967 Protocol.

Bahasa Abstract

Sebagai negara yang tidak menjadi peserta dari Convention relating to the Status of Refugees (“Konvensi Pengungsi”) dan Protokolnya, Indonesia tidak memiliki kewajiban hukum untuk menyediakan penempatan permanen bagi pencari suaka dan/atau pengungsi. Namun demikian, sebagai negara transit bagi mereka yang mencari suaka ke Australia, Indonesia menghadapi berbagai permasalahan akibat illegal entrance yang dilakukan oleh pencari suaka dan/atau pengungsi. Di samping Indonesia tidak memiliki kerangka hukum ataupun mekanisme untuk mengatasi pencari suaka dan/atau pengungsi, hukum imigrasi Indonesia mengkategorikan setiap orang asing termasuk pencari suaka dan pengungsi yang masuk ke wilayah Indonesia dengan melawan hukum sebagai migran illegal. Hal ini mengakibatkan penahanan pencari suaka dan/atau pengungsi yang kemudian ditempatkan di rumah detensi atau tempat lain yang sudah melebihi kapasitas jumlah orang. Tulisan ini mengkaji pelbagai permasalahan pencari suaka dan pengungsi di Indonesia serta menilai ada atau tidaknya urgensi bagi Indonesia untuk melakukan aksesi atas Konvensi Pengungsi dan protokolnya.

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