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Abstract

Unaccompanied minor asylum seekers are vulnerable and thus, provided special international law protections. However, in reality, they are being mistreated as illegal immigrants and on the receiving end of ethnic violence, discrimination, restrictions in enjoyment of their rights duly recognised by international human rights law. This article identifies legislative, policy and support mechanisms which encompass the minimum UMAS guardianship standards at international law and which are evidence-based from best practice models for the provision of guardians for UMAS internationally. It presents situation of UMAS in relation to human rights violations with emphasis on the legal framework and practices in Australia and five ASEAN State Members. This article also highlights the various stands taken by various countries providing better legal framework and practices regarding the terms for protection and enforcement of human rights for UMAS. Finally, this article provides recommendations for Australia and ASEAN Member States to adopt in order to realise the international human rights of UMAS with respect to guardianship.

Bahasa Abstract

Pencari suaka di bawah umur (Unaccompanied Minor Asylum Seekers (UMAS)) berada dalam keadaan rentan dan karenanya mendapat perlindungan hukum internasional khusus. Namun demikian, atas dasar ras, mereka seringkali diperlakukan sebagai imigran ilegal di banyak dan menjadi korban tindak kekerasan, diskriminasi dan hambatan menerima hak-hak mereka sebagaimana yang telah dijamin dalam hukum hak asasi manusia internasional. Artikel ini mengidentifikasi peraturan legislatif, mekanisme kebijakan dan dukungan, yang memenuhi standar minimum perwalian dalam hukum internasional dan yang terbukti menjadi model praktik terbaik terkait peraturan perwalian UMAS secara internasional. Artikel ini juga menjelaskan situasi yang dialami UMAS dalam kaitannya dengan pelanggaran hak asasi manusia dengan penekanan pada kerangka hukum dan praktik di Australia dan lima negara ASEAN. Selain itu, artikel ini juga menyoroti pandangan negara-negara dalam menyediakan kerangka hukum dan pelaksanaan yang lebih baik terkait persyaratan perlindungan dan penegakan hukum hak asasi manusia bagi UMAS. Pada bagian akhir, artikel ini memberikan rekomendasi bagi Australia dan negara anggota ASEAN untuk mengakui hak asasi manusia internasional UMAS terkait perwalian.

References

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