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Abstract

The issue of law enforcement is central to land property rights. Modes of property rights enforcement can be performed either with or without intervention of the state. This article focuses on the latter mode of enforcement; that is, how people manage to enforce their land rights without the involvement of state institutions and to what extent informal arrangements can offer effective enforcement and secure land property rights. This article also contributes to the debate on how formal and informal institutions can be used to secure property rights and resolve disputes over land ownership. In particular, this paper examines how the people of Flores, East Nusa Tenggara Province, settle land disputes among themselves. Many available studies indicate that the residents of Flores rely heavily on informal land dispute resolution based on adat (customary) law rather than formal or legal rules. Adat provides certain sense of security and has been proven effective in resolving conflicts in a relatively closed and homogeneous community. Moreover, it offers greater accessibility, flexibility and legitimacy that support reconciliation process between the disputing parties.

Bahasa Abstract

tanah. Perlindungan atas hak kebendaan tersebut dapat diberikan baik oleh Negara maupun oleh aktor-aktor lain selain Negara. Artikel ini fokus pada perlindungan yang diberikan oleh aktor bukan Negara, yaitu bagaimana masyarakat mampu untuk melindungi hak-hak kebendaan mereka tanpa keterlibatan institusi Negara. Pertanyaannya adalah,sejauh mana institusi informal dapat bekerja secara efektif untuk memberikan perlindungan atas hak kebendaan atas tanah? Artikel ini juga berkontribusi terhadap debat mengenai bagaimana institusi formal dan informal dipergunakan oleh masyarakat untuk melindungi hak milik mereka dan untuk menyelesaikan konflik terkait dengan tanah dalam masyarakat. Secara khusus, artikel ini membahas mengenai bagaimana masyarakat di Flores, Nusa Tenggara Timur mempergunakan hukum adat untuk menyelesaikan konflik yang terjadi dalam masyarakat. Berbagai penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat Flores masih sangat bergantung kepada mekanisme hukum Adat ketimbang hukum nasional. Hukum Adat terbukti memberikan perlindungan kuat terhadap hak kebendaan dan dapat mengatasi konflik secara efektif, terutama dalam sebuah komunitaskecil yang homogen. Selain itu, hukum Adat memberikan akses yang lebih besar, lebih fleksible, dan memiliki legitimasi yang kuat dalam proses rekonsilitasi diantara para pihak yang bersengketa.

References

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