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Abstract

This article is an examination of the implementation of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) as a Multilateral Environmental Agreement (MEA) in Indonesia. It identifies domestic challenges of the Convention in Indonesia’s decentralisation. The implementation of decentralisation policy in 2001 worsens the inherent problems faced by the Convention in Indonesia’s legal system. As a MEA, the Convention contains only general rules for the state parties and no specific legal obligation to reduce emission. The Convention also has legitimacy problems. The Indonesia’s method to transform treaties into domestic legal system is still problematic. These two challenges are worsened by the implementation of decentralisation policy. The national government faces difficulties to drive lower government units to adhere to the Convention rules because they have new authorities that can constraint effort to achieve the goal of the Convention.

Bahasa Abstract

Artikel ini adalah eksaminasi terhadap implementasi Konvensi Perubahan Iklim (UNFCCC) yang merupakan satu bentuk perjanjian multilateral di bidang lingkungan (MEA). Artikel ini mengidentifikasi tantangan yang dihadapi oleh UNFCCC dalam konteks desentralisasi di Indonesia. Kebijakan desentralisasi telah memperburuk masalah yang selama ini telah dihadapi oleh UNFCCC di Indonesia. Sebagai salah satu MEA, UNFCCC hanya mengandung aturan umum untuk negara-negara anggota dan tidak mempunyai kewajiban hukum khusus untuk mengurangi emisi. Tanpa kewajiban khusus, negara-negara anggota, terutama negara berkembang, belum terikat atas target level emisi tertentu. Selain itu, UNFCCC mempunyai masalah legitimasi di Indonesia yang berhubungan dengan metode transformasi perjanjian internasional ke dalam hukum nasional. Masalah legitimasi membuat UNFCCC menjadi sulit untuk mengikat entitas di dalam negeri. Dalam konteks desentralisasi, kedua masalah tersebut memberikan kesulitan bagi pemerintah pusat dalam mengarahkan pemerintah daerah untuk melaksanakan upaya untuk mencapai tujuan UNFCCC. Desentralisasi memberikan kewenangan pemerintah daerah untuk membuat kebijakan yang dapat bertentangan dengan UNFCCC.

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