"THE URGENCY OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE CODE OF ETHICS" by Tundjung Herning Sitabuana, Dixon Sanjaya et al.
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Abstract

The era of artificial intelligence has become a characteristic of industrial era 5.0 which has been used in various aspects. Potential economic value of AI has driven various forms of AI innovation development. Exploration of AI tends to override negative impacts of such developments. The emergence of ethical issues with presence of AI encourages the need for a law-based approach to establishing ethical standards to protect entire Indonesian nation. Therefore, this research was conducted to examine urgency for an AI code of ethics. This paper will normatively describe data qualitatively to answer urgency and development of AI code of ethics in doctrinal and regulative contexts, including comparisons of countries that apply ethical code. Phenomenon of emergence of AI has given rise to systemic ethical problems that are both incidental and existential related to humans. Due to disruptive threat of AI, it encourages countries to formulate ethical standards regulatory models. European Union and China have AI ethical guidelines within their legal frameworks although their characteristics differ. Meanwhile, Indonesian legal system doesn’t yet have tools that specifically regulate AI ethics. Weaknesses in regulating AI related to scope of AI, legal harmonization, and weak government commitment and competence. To regulate AI Ethics substantially and formally can be formulated in many variants based on categorization of ethical principles nature, implementation of ethical principles, forming institutions, nature and type of regulations, normative power, and scope of AI impact. New legal instruments are needed based on this categorization.

Bahasa Abstract

Era kecerdasan buatan telah menjadi karakteristik era industri 5.0 yang telah digunakan dalam berbagai aspek kehidupan. Potensi nilai ekonomi AI telah mendorong berbagai bentuk pengembangan inovasi AI. Eksploitasi AI cenderung mengesampingkan dampak negatif dari perkembangan tersebut. Munculnya persoalan-persoalan etis dengan kehadiran AI mendorong perlunya pendekatan berbasis hukum untuk menetapkan standar etika AI dalam rangka melindungi segenap bangsa Indonesia. Oleh karenanya, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menelaah kebutuhan kode etik AI. Tulisan ini secara normatif akan menguraikan data secara kualitatif untuk menjawab urgensi dan perkembangan kode etik AI dalam konteks doktriner maupun regulatif termasuk perbandingan negara yang menerapkan standar kode etik. Fenomena kemunculan AI telah melahirkan persoalan etis sistemik yang bersifat insidental maupun eksistensial terkait manusia. Oleh karena ancaman disruptif AI, mendorong negara merumuskan standar etik dan model pengaturannya. Uni Eropa dan China memiliki pedoman etika AI dalam kerangka hukum nasional meski secara karakteristik berbeda. Sementara itu, sistem hukum Indonesia belum memiliki perangkat yang secara khusus mengatur etika AI. Kelemahan dalam meregulasi AI berkaitan dengan ruang lingkup AI, penyelarasan hukum, dan lemahnya komitmen dan kompetensi pemerintah. Upaya dalam meregulasi etika AI secara substansial dan formil dapat dirumuskan dalam banyak varian berdasarkan kategorisasi sifat prinsip etika, penerapan prinsip etika, lembaga pembentuk, sifat peraturan, tipe peraturan, kekuatan mengikat, dan ruang lingkup dampak AI. Diperlukan adanya perangkat hukum baru yang didasarkan pada model-model berdasarkan kategorisasi tersebut.

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