"Status Positif Negara dalam Genitoplasty untuk Disforia Gender di Indonesia" by Muhamad Dzadit Taqwa, Valentino Rafael Carofin et al.
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Abstract

A trans-woman is someone who is biologically male at birth and then undergoes gender-affirming surgery, which can include genital feminization surgery, or may not undergo gender-affirming surgery but undergoes other therapies such as cross-sex hormone therapy or other physical organ surgeries apart from genital surgery, in order to be identified as a woman. The participation of trans-women in females' sports has sparked a debate, addressing issues of fairness on one side and transgender rights to participate in sports on the other. The fairness argument is based on the physical advantages that males have when competing against females. Generally, male athletes will outperform female athletes in most sports. On the other hand, the prohibition of trans-women from participating in females' sports is considered discriminatory and not respecting transgender individuals' right to participate in sports. This issue continues to be discussed because many female athletes complain about the presence of trans-women athletes in their competitions, as even rigorous training may not enable them to become champions. On the other hand, what solutions can be offered by the state to trans-women who want to become athletes? Through exploration in this article, the answer to this problem cannot be a gray area or middle ground but rather a choice between protecting women's rights in sports to excel or allowing trans-women the right to compete in the women's category; only one can be chosen. Alternatively, another option is to allow trans-women to compete in sports but in the new category, namely transgender category.

Bahasa Abstract

Trans-wanita adalah seseorang yang secara lahir biologis berjenis kelamin laki-laki lalu kemudian melakukan operasi ganti kelamin, yaitu genitoplasti feminis atau tidak sampai operasi ganti kelamin tetapi melakukan terapi lain seperti terapi hormon atau operasi organ fisik lain selain kelamin, sehingga mengidentifikasi dirinya sebagai wanita. Partisipasi trans-wanita dalam olahraga kategori perempuan telah memunculkan perdebatan, yaitu tentang fairness di satu sisi dan hak transgender untuk berpartisipasi dalam olahraga di sisi lain. Argumen fairness didasarkan pada keunggulan fisik yang dimiliki oleh laki-laki ketika berhadap-hadapan dengan perempuan. Secara umum, atlet laki-laki akan jauh mengungguli perempuan dalam kebanyakan jenis olahraga. Di sisi lain, larangan trans-wanita untuk berpartisipasi dalam olahraga kategori perempuan, dianggap, termasuk ke dalam diskriminasi dan tidak menghargai hak berpartisipasi transgender dalam olahraga. Isu ini terus menjadi perbincangan karena demikian banyak atlet perempuan yang mengeluhkan kehadiran atlet trans-wanita untuk berpartisipasi karena latihan dengan sangat keras sekalipun tidak akan mampu membuatnya menjadi juara. Di sisi lain, bagaimana solusi yang dapat ditawarkan oleh negara kepada trans-wanita yang ingin menjadi atlet? Isu yang diperdebatkan spesifik adalah kebolehan trans-wanita untuk berpartisipasi dalam olahraga kategori perempuan. Melalui penelusuran dalam tulisan ini, jawaban atas rumusan masalah ini tidak dapat dijawab secara abu-abu atau di tengah, tetapi pilihannya adalah memilih melindungi hak perempuan dalam berolahraga untuk dapat berprestasi atau membolehkan hak trans-wanita untuk berkompetisi pada kategori perempuan; hanya salah satu yang dapat dipilih. Atau, opsi lainnya adalah tetap membolehkan trans-wanita untuk berkompetisi dalam olahraga tetapi pada kategori pria

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