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Abstract

The preservation of marine fisheries resources within ASEAN nations’ Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) is an urgent and pressing challenge requiring collaborative efforts from all ASEAN nations. Challenges such as illegal fishing, climate change, and lack of coordination between ASEAN nations may cause damage to marine biota food chain, especially marine fisheries in Southeast Asia region. To solve this conundrum, collaboration between ASEAN nations pose as the key solution. The research method used in this study is normative juridical approach by analyzing primary legal materials such as International Agreements and other international laws & sources. Further analysis was also conducted from secondary law materials such as international journals and books. It should be noted that the preservation of marine fisheries within ASEAN region has always been a topic that needs to be continuously improved. The urgency to escalate the preservation efforts can be seen in various programs conducted through Ministerial Understanding on Fisheries Cooperation in 1983, as a form of understanding and cooperation between ASEAN nations for the development, management, and conservation of marine fisheries resources within ASEAN EEZ region. Moreover, ASEAN also carried out collaborative efforts for marine fisheries conservation through ASEAN Policy of the General Fisheries Policy Feasibility Study (AGFP). AGFP regulate the ASEAN marine fisheries sector and encompassed 15 focus areas, including marine fisheries resources management, countermeasures against Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) Fishing, research on marine fisheries, food security, international trade, animal health, conservation of habitat, and management of marine debris and garbage. The policy was ultimately established by the ASEAN nations member as a Working Unit Forum named The ASEAN Sectoral Working Group on Fisheries (ASWGFi) to realize the vision and mission of AGFP. Efforts to overcome this challenge are laid out by committing to preserve marine fisheries resources in ASEAN nation’s regions, focusing on protecting marine biodiversity – especially marine fisheries resources, encouraging economic and social sustainability, while ensuring food availability and security for the future.

Bahasa Abstract

Pelestarian sumber daya perikanan laut di Zona Ekonomi Eksklusif (ZEE) negara-negara ASEAN merupakan tantangan yang mendesak dan mendesak yang memerlukan upaya kolaboratif dari seluruh negara ASEAN. Tantangan seperti penangkapan ikan ilegal, perubahan iklim, dan kurangnya koordinasi antar negara ASEAN dapat menyebabkan rusaknya rantai makanan biota laut, khususnya perikanan laut di kawasan Asia Tenggara. Untuk mengatasi teka-teki ini, kolaborasi antar negara ASEAN menjadi solusi utama. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan yuridis normatif dengan menganalisis bahan-bahan hukum primer seperti Perjanjian Internasional serta hukum & sumber internasional lainnya. Analisis lebih lanjut juga dilakukan dari bahan hukum sekunder seperti jurnal dan buku internasional. Perlu diketahui bahwa pelestarian perikanan laut di kawasan ASEAN selalu menjadi topik yang perlu terus ditingkatkan. Urgensi peningkatan upaya pelestarian dapat dilihat dari berbagai program yang dilakukan melalui Ministerial Understanding on Fisheries Cooperation pada tahun 1983, sebagai wujud kesepahaman dan kerja sama antar negara ASEAN dalam pengembangan, pengelolaan, dan konservasi sumber daya perikanan laut di kawasan ZEE ASEAN. Selain itu, ASEAN juga melakukan upaya kolaborasi konservasi perikanan laut melalui Kebijakan ASEAN General Fisheries Policy Feasibility Study (AGFP). AGFP mengatur sektor perikanan laut ASEAN dan mencakup 15 bidang fokus, termasuk pengelolaan sumber daya perikanan laut, penanggulangan Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) Fishing, penelitian perikanan laut, ketahanan pangan, perdagangan internasional, kesehatan hewan, konservasi habitat, dan pengelolaan sampah dan sampah laut. Kebijakan tersebut pada akhirnya ditetapkan oleh negara-negara anggota ASEAN sebagai Forum Unit Kerja yang diberi nama The ASEAN Sectoral Working Group on Fisheries (ASWGFi) untuk mewujudkan visi dan misi AGFP. Upaya untuk mengatasi tantangan ini diwujudkan dengan berkomitmen untuk melestarikan sumber daya perikanan laut di kawasan negara ASEAN, dengan fokus pada perlindungan keanekaragaman hayati laut – khususnya sumber daya perikanan laut, mendorong keberlanjutan ekonomi dan sosial, serta menjamin ketersediaan dan keamanan pangan untuk masa depan

References

Books:

Mochtar Kusumaatmadja. Protection and Preservation of Marine Environment from an International, Regional, and National Law Point of View. Jakarta : Sinar Grafika and Center for Archipelago Insights Studies (Pusat Studi Wawasan Nusantara).1992.

M. Daud Silalahi. Indonesian Maritime Law Regulations and Regional Implications. Jakarta: Pustaka Sinar Harapan. 1992.

Ida Kurnia. National and International Aspects of Utilizing Fisheries Surplus in Indonesia's Exclusive Economic Zone. Jakarta: Sinar Grafika. 2018.

Sudikno Mertokusumo. The Discovery of Law. Yogyakarta: Liberty. 2004.

Legislative Documents

Indonesia. The 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia.

Convention on Fishing and Conservation of the Living Resources of the High Seas. 1958 (Geneva Convention1958)

United Nations Convention On The Law Of The Sea 1982.

ASEAN MINISTERIAL UNDERSTANDING ON FISHERIES COOPERATION 1983

Minimizing Illegal Fishing for Marine Capture in the Southeast Asian Region. Bangkok: Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center (SEAFDEC).

Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries (CCRF), 1995

United Nations Fish Stocks Agreement (UNFSA), 1995

Indonesia through Law Number 21 of 2009 has ratified Agreement For The Implementation Of The Provisions Of The United Nations Convention On The Law Of The Sea Of 10 December 1982 Relating To The Conservation And Management Of Straddling Fish Stocks And Highly Migratory Fish Stocks, LNRI No. 95, 2009, TLNRI No. 5024.

Journal:

Adhiatma, Faisal. Effectiveness of Regional Plan of Action in Combating IUU Fishing Case Study: Illegal Smuggling of Indonesian Lobster Seeds to Vietnam, Journal of International Vol.5, No.4, http://download.garuda.kemdikbud.go.id/article.php?article=1436118&val=4718&title=Efektivitas%20RPOA%20Regional%20Plan%20of%20Action%20Dalam%20Penanggulangan%20IUU%20Fishing%20Studi%20Kasus%20Penyulundupan%20Ilegal%20Benih%20Lobster%20Indonesia%20ke%20Vietnam 2019.

Adwani, Journal of Protection and Preservation of Marine Fish Resources in the Exclusive Economic Zone Between ASEAN Countries, Kanun, Aceh, 2010.

Anugerah Yuka Asmara, Journal of Strengthening Exclusive Economic Zones in Managing Indonesian Maritime Resources in Border Areas (Lessons from the Norwegian Government's Policy Regarding Regulations, Utilization of Science and Technology, Institutional Management and International Cooperation), Journal of Maritime and Fisheries Socioeconomic Policy, Vol.2 No.2, 2012.

Mauly Dini Budiyanti & Arfin Sudirman, Implementation of RPOA-IUU within South East Asia Region, Journal of International Relations, Vol.XII No.2, 2019, page 315-327.

Mita Wahyuni, et al., 2007 Fish Eating Program: as a Strategy for Building Quality Children of the Nation, Jakarta: Department of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries, page 23.

Rizky, Lucitania, et al. The Complexity of The Illegal Fishing Regime in Southeast Asia Case Study: Illegal Lobster Seed Fishing in ASEAN, International Journal of Southeast Asian Studies (IJSAS), Vol. 1, No.1, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/349883781_The_Complexity_of_The_Illegal_Fishing_Regime_in_Southeast_Asia_Case_Study_Illegal_Lobster_Seed_Fishing_in_ASEAN, 2021.

Thesis:

Yustinus Pedo, Postgraduate Thesis, “Regional Cooperation for Fisheries Protection and Preservation in the EEZ”, Faculty of Law, Universitas Padjajaran, 1994.

Online source:

DJPT, in talks related to AGFP FS, Indonesia chairs ASEAN Regional Meeting, https://kkp.go.id/djpt/artikel/25114-bahas-agfp-fs-indonesia-pimpin-pertemuan-regional-asean accessed 27 May 2023, 07.00 WIB

FAO (2009), The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2008, Information Division, Rome: FAO. See also: Mike Stones, 2011, Fish Consumption hit all time high: FAO report, http://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/Financial-Industry/Fish-consumption-hits-all-time-high-FAO-report, accessed 27 May 2023, 5.52 WIB.

Inriana, Irene, Without Indonesian fish, Thailand's seafood exports are in free fall. https://www.cnnindonesia.com/ekonomi/20151216125914-92-98589/tanpa-ikan-indonesia-ekspor-hasil-laut-thailand-terjun-bebas accessed 27 May 2023, 13.49 WIB.

Indonesian Ministry of Defense, Launching Trilateral Air Patrol Indonesia-Malaysia-Filipina,https://www.kemhan.go.id/2017/10/12/launching-trilateral-air-patrol-indonesia-malaysia-filipina.html accessed 19 June 2023, 19.58.

Melda Kamil Ariadno, Utilization of Marine Fisheries of Indonesian EEZ, https://law.ui.ac.id/melda-kamil-ariadno-kompas-pemanfaatan-sumber-daya-ikan-zeei/, accessed 26 May 2023, 20.45

NN, Fish as Food: Aquaculture’s Contribution, Ecological and economic impacts and contributions of fish farming and capture fisheries, Doi:10.1093/embo-reports/kve236 accessed 26 May 2023, 17.00 WIB

NN, Data Check: Is it true that 488 illegal fishing boats have been sunk?, https://databoks.katadata.co.id/datapublish/2019/02/18/cek-data-488-kapal-ilegal-sudah-ditenggelamkan, accessed 26 May 2023, 19.00 WIB.

Tuqiri, Seremaia, Ensuring The Sustainability of Pacific Tuna: The United Nations Fish Stocks Agreement (UNFSA), http://awsassets.panda.org/downloads/unfsa_revised.pdf , accessed 16 July 2023, 09.00 WIB

Webinar IUUF – “The Challenges Facing Indonesia to end Illegal Fishing”, Kumparan, uploaded 12 June 2020, https://www.youtube.com/live/lCwsL7IDUuQ?feature=share accessed 27 Mei 2023 11.45 WIB

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