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Abstract

Both Vietnam and Indonesia have large populations that promise major markets for e-commerce. The two nations record high internet coverage and large numbers of social media users. Recently, the countries have been trying to support e-commerce with new legal rules. In November 2019, Indonesia’s government introduced Government Regulation No. 80 of 2019 on Trading through Electronic Systems (GR 80, 2019). GR 80 requires e-commerce businesses to obtain business licenses, report taxes, and preserve consumer protections and rights. Similarly, Vietnam has issued a number of resolutions and guidelines since its Decree on E-Commerce in 2013 (Decree No. 52/2013/NĐ-CP). While these legal documents cover nearly all aspects of e-commerce, little of their implementability and inclusiveness has been studied. Using the individualized comparison methodology and case studies, the authors analyze the legal rules in the two countries and discover that (i) the e-commerce regulations in both countries lack implementability in terms of connection and interest among stakeholders, (ii) the regulations are implementable for big businesses with formal websites but pose a significant burden for smaller businesses, which ultimately means the lack of inclusiveness. It is recommended for both to work hard and efficiently to set up their immediate response schemes, cooperatively, to expand the participation of small online businesses and multiple other stakeholders. A strategy of cross-border collaboration to build trust in e-commerce for business owners could be studied in the future.

Bahasa Abstract

Vietnam dan Indonesia memiliki populasi besar yang menjanjikan ukuran pasar potensial untuk e-commerce. Kedua negara tersebut juga mencatat cakupan internet yang tinggi dan jumlah pengguna media sosial yang besar. Baru-baru ini, kedua negara berusaha mendukung e-commerce dengan aturan hukum baru. Pemerintah Indonesia telah memperkenalkan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 80 Tahun 2019 tentang Perdagangan Melalui Sistem Elektronik (GR 80, 2019) pada November 2019. GR 80 mewajibkan pelaku usaha e-commerce untuk mendapatkan izin usaha, melaporkan pajak, dan melindungi perlindungan dan hak konsumen. Demikian pula, Vietnam terus mengeluarkan sejumlah resolusi dan keputusan panduan setelah Dekrit tentang E-Commerce tahun 2013. Meskipun dokumen hukum ini mencakup hampir semua aspek e-commerce secara mendetail, hanya sedikit penerapan dan inklusivitas yang telah dipelajari. Dengan menggunakan metodologi perbandingan individual dan studi kasus, penulis menganalisis aturan hukum di kedua negara dan menemukan bahwa: (i) peraturan kedua negara tentang e-commerce kurang dapat diterapkan dalam hal hubungan dan kepentingan di antara para pemangku kepentingan, (ii) peraturan dapat diterapkan untuk bisnis besar dengan situs web formal tetapi membebani bisnis berukuran kecil secara dramatis yang menyiratkan kurangnya inklusivitas. Direkomendasikan bahwa keduanya harus bekerja keras dan efisien untuk menyiapkan skema tanggapan langsung mereka, dengan ramah untuk menyertakan bisnis online kecil dan meningkatkan partisipasi berbagai pemangku kepentingan. Peta jalan kolaborasi lintas batas untuk meningkatkan kepercayaan pada e-commerce bagi pemilik bisnis dapat dipelajari di masa depan.

References

Bibliography

a) Legal Documents in Indonesia:

Indonesia. Bank Indonesia (BI) Regulation No. 20/6/PBI/2018 on Electronic Money (E-Money Regulation).

Indonesia. BI Regulation No. 18/40/PBI/2016 regarding Payment Transaction Processing Operations (BI Reg 18/2016).

Indonesia. Director General of Tax Circular Letter No. SE- 62/2013.

Indonesia. Financial Services Authority (Otoritas Jasa Keuangan) (OJK) Regulation No. 77/POJK.01/2016 on Information Technology-Based Money Lending Services (Money Lending Regulation).

Indonesia. Government Regulation No. 82 of 2012 on the Implementation of Electronic Systems and Transactions (Electronic Transaction Regulation).

Indonesia. Law No. 11 of 2008 as amended by Law No. 19 of 2016 on Electronic Information and Transactions or the ITE Law.

Indonesia. Law No. 19 of 2016 on the Amendment to Law No. 11 of 2008 on Electronic Information and Transactions.

Indonesia. Law No. 20 of 2016 on Trade Mark and Geographic Indication.

Indonesia. Law No. 7 of 1983 on Income Tax as amended several times lastly by Law No. 36 of 2008 on the Fourth Amendment to Law No. 7 of 1983 on Income Tax.

Indonesia. Law No. 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection (Consumer Protection Law).

Indonesia. Minister of Communication and Information Technology Circular Letter No. 5 of 2016 on Limitations and Responsibilities of Platform Operators and Merchants of Trade through Electronic Systems in the Form of User Generated Content.

Indonesia. Minister of Communication and Information Technology Circular Letter No. 3 of 2016 on Providing Application Services and/or Content Through the Internet (Over-the-Top).

Indonesia. Minister of Communication and Information Technology Regulation No. 23 of 2013 on Domain Name Management.

Indonesia. Minister of Communication and Information Technology Regulation No. 19 of 2014 on Control of Websites Containing Negative Content.

Indonesia. Ministry of Trade (MOT) Regulation No. 86/M-DAG/PER/12/2016 of 2016 on Requirements for Licensing Services in the Field of E-Commerce Trading and Digital Signatures (MOT Reg 86/2016).

Indonesia. MOCI Circular Letter No. 5 of 2016 on Limitations and Liabilities of Platform Providers and Merchants in Conducting Electronic Commerce in the Form of User-Generated Content (Circular Letter 5/2016).

Indonesia. MOCI Regulation No. 19 of 2014 on the Handling of Websites that Contain Negative Content (MOCI Reg 19/2014).

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