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Abstract

The effectiveness of bilateral agreements in the context of criminal law enforcement remains highly contested. In the Indonesian context, such bilateral cooperation classifies two modalities of indirect law enforcement systems, namely, extradition and mutual legal assistance (MLA) in criminal matters. This article attempts to explain these modalities through a behavioral and rational approach by taking Indonesia’s MLA treaty with Switzerland and its extradition treaty with the Russian Federation as a case study. From this approach, we argue that the state’s decision to cooperate implies the adoption of control and consensus models. However, these two models were induced by political preferences rather than the sole reliance on the maxim aut dedere aut judicare in criminal laws. At the domestic level, the attitudes of penal entrepreneurship and institutional arrangement showcase the multifaceted state’s rationality in deciding a treaty design in criminal law cooperation.

Bahasa Abstract

Kemangkusan perjanjian kerja sama bilateral antar negara dalam rangka penegakan hukum pidana masih kerap dipertanyakan. Dalam konteks Indonesia, kerja sama bilateral tersebut terbagi ke dalam dua bentuk sistem penegakan hukum tidak langsung, yakni ekstradisi dan bantuan hukum timbal balik masalah pidana. Artikel ini menjelaskan kedua modalitas tersebut melalui pendekatan behavioral dan rasional dengan studi kasus pada dua perjanjian, yakni bantuan hukum timbal balik dengan Konfederasi Swiss dan ekstradisi dengan Federasi Rusia. Dari pendekatan tersebut, studi ini memperoleh gambaran bahwa keputusan negara untuk bekerjasama mencerminkan dua model, yakni kontrol dan konsensus. Kedua model ini cenderung dipengaruhi oleh manfaat dari segi politis ketimbang legal yang berlandaskan pada maxim aut dedere aut judicare. Pada tingkat domestik, sikap penal entrepreneurship dan hubungan institusional juga berperan dalam menjelaskan keputusan negara untuk bekerjasama dengan negara tertentu dalam menegakkan hukum pidana.

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