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Abstract

This paper traces the trajectory of Indonesian democracy that has developed in the last twenty years, specifically regarding the extent to which its continuities and changes have been consistent with the rationale for reformation. It enquires whether the current democracy has been transformed based on liberal constitutionalism or the new democracy has restored the integralist ideal. In recent years, the mass protests that increasingly color Indonesian politics have become a critical response to a failing system. This analysis asserts that the lack of functioning political parties in Indonesia and the breakdown of Indonesian democracy as a result of integralism ignores essential checks and balances. The situation is exemplified by the cooperation of the opposition parties in the cabinet, including the promotion of gotong royong (mutual help) in the form of Prabowo Subianto, Joko Widodo’s rival in the 2019 Presidential Election. Subianto has long been implicated in human rights abuses, going back to East Timor invasion in the 1970s. This attitude also indicates the serious threat that gradually negates the hard-won liberal democracy at the dawn of the reformation. Among these trends, the current democracy reveals the ineptness of the existing political parties that were essentially liberalized in the early Reformation. As it stands, they have been unable to prevent the current system from being led to a more autocratic model.

Bahasa Abstract

Tulisan ini melacak lintasan demokrasi Indonesia yang telah berkembang dalam dua puluh tahun terakhir, sejauh mana kontinuitas dan perubahannya konsisten dengan reformasi. Tulisan ini menyelidiki apakah demokrasi saat ini telah berubah berdasarkan konstitutionalisme liberal atau perkembangannya berbalik menuju ide negara integralis. Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, serangkaian protes massa yang semakin mewarnai politik Indonesia telah menjadi respons kritis atas kecenderungan tidak berfungsinya sistem yang sudah ada. Episode-episode ini menegaskan kurang berfungsinya partai-partai politik di Indonesia, di samping kegagalan demokrasi Indonesia yang memberikan ruang terhadap sistem partai politik yang kooperatif sebagai akibat dari konsep integralisme sehingga mengabaikan pola pengawasan dan keseimbangan pemerintah. Keadaan ini dapat dicontohkan dengan kerja sama partai-partai oposisi dengan pemerintah dalam kabinet, termasuk alasan gotong royong (gotong royong) yang diutarakan oleh Prabowo Subianto, saingan Joko Widodo dalam Pemilihan Presiden 2019, untuk bergabung dengan pemerintah. Sikap ini juga menunjukkan ancaman serius yang secara bertahap meniadakan demokrasi liberal seperti yang sebelumnya berjuang di awal reformasi. Di tengah perkembangan seperti ini, demokrasi saat ini yang menunjukkan ketidakefektifannya terhadap keberadaan partai politik yang meskipun sudah diberikan kebebasan pada awal reformasi. Namun demikian, partai politik tidak mampu melakukan penetrasi terhadap keinginan sistem politik saat ini yang secara praktis yang mengarah pada pemerintahan yang lebih otokratis.

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