•  
  •  
 

Abstract

Not all victims of marital rape want a divorce, generally victims long to maintain their marriage and for the perpetrators to correct their own behaviors. Victims are also bound to the strong culture that condones sexual relations without consent as long as it is carried out within the framework of a legal marriage. This study aims to demonstrate the importance of rehabilitation for offenders of marital rape by examining various laws and regulations in Indonesia and the obstacles to their implementation. Methodologically, data were obtained from doctrinal studies of Indonesian law and court decisions related to marital rape and empirical studies from a number of law enforcement officers as well as paralegals. The results show that the absence of a specialized law that regulates the rehabilitation of marital rape perpetrators impacts poorly on judges' decisions in domestic violence cases. There has been no court decision sentencing mandatory counseling as part of their rulings. Judges frequently view sexual violence within a limited scope of physical evidence; as a result, perpetrators are granted low sentences. Indonesia needs a specialized law that regulates the rehabilitation of marital rape perpetrators.

Bahasa Abstract

Tidak semua korban marital rape menginginkan perceraian dengan berbagai alasan. Korban berharap pelaku diberikan kesempatan memperbaiki diri dan tidak mengulangi kekerasan yang dilakukannya. Membicarakan isu seksualitas secara terbuka masih dianggap tabu di Indonesia. Sementara itu di kalangan masyarakat masih menganggap bahwa relasi seksual bagaimanapun bentuknya sepanjang dilakukan dalam sebuah pernikahan yang sah, maka akan selalu dianggap wajar dan normal. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji berbagai peraturan perundang-undangan di Indonesia yang mengatur mengenai rehabilitasi pelaku marital rape dan hambatan implementasinya. Data diperoleh dari hasil kajian hukum di Indonesia yang terkait dengan marital rape, wawancara dengan aparat hukum, pendamping korban dan komisioner Komnas Perempuan serta analisis putusan hakim kasus marital rape. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa ketiadaan hukum yang secara khusus mengatur mengenai mekanisme rehabilitasi pelaku marital rape berdampak pada putusan hakim dalam kasus KDRT. Tidak ada putusan pengadilan yang menerapkan pidana tambahan berupa konseling. Pandangan hakim mengenai kekerasan seksual masih sangat terbatas pada adanya penetrasi, sehingga pelaku dijatuhi putusan yang hukumannya lebih rendah karena melakukan kekerasan fisik. Lebih lanjut, artikel ini mendukung segera disahkannya RUU Penghapusan Kekerasan Seksual yang secara khusus mengatur mengenai mekanisme rehabilitasi pelaku marital rape.

References

Correctional Service Canada, “Acts, Regulations and Policy”, https://www.csc-scc.gc.ca/acts-and-regulations/index-en.shtml web. September 3, 2021.

Eskawati, Maria Yeny and Yulian Endarto. 2017. Penyebab Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga (KDRT) di Kecamatan Bantul Kabupaten Bantul Yogyakarta. Visikes Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat. Vol.16, No.1. pp 59-65 https://doi.org/10.33633/visikes.v16i1.1860

Felser, Zlatka Rakovec-.2014. Domestic Violence and Abuse in Intimate Relationship from Public Health Perspective. Health Psychology Research. Nov 6; 2(3): 1821.

doi: 10.4081/hpr.2014.1821

Fersch, Ellsworth.1975. “When to Punish, When to Rehabilitate”. American Bar Association Journal. October. Vol.61 No.10.pp.1235-1237.

https://www.jstor.org/stable/25727363

  1. J. Kenedi, Kebijakan Hukum Pidana Penal Policy dalam Sistem Penegakan Hukum di Indonesia (Bengkulu: IAIN Bengkulu Press, 2017), hlm. 59.

Indonesia National Commission on Violence Against Women. 2018. 15 Bentuk Kekerasan Seksual Sebuah Pengenalan. Jakarta: Komisi Nasional Anti Kekerasan terhadap Perempuan. p. 5.

Indonesia. Undang-undang No.23 Tahun 2004 tentang Penghapusan Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga.

________ Rancangan Undang-undang Penghapusan Kekerasan Seksual

Kim, Bitna., Peter J Benekos., Alida V.Merlo. 2015. Sex Offender Recidivism Revisited: Review of Recent Meta-analyses on the Effect of Sex Offender Treatment https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838014566719

Krug, EG., Linda L Dahlberg LL, James A Mercy, et al. 2002. The Word report on violence and health. The Lancet, Vol.360, Issue 9339, October, pp.1083-1088.

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(02)11133-0

Martin, Chris.2015. “When to Forget or Forgive Domestic Violence and Abusive Relations”, www.braindirector.com

Moeljatno, Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana Edisi Baru (Jakarta: Bumi Aksara, 2012), hlm. 105.

Kazutaka Nomura, et. al., 2011. “Effects of Psychosocial Factors on Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Preventing Recidivism by Sex Offenders: A Meta-Analysis”, Japanese Journal of Behavior Therapy . p. 147.

Nurhayati, Elly. 2000. Panduan Untuk Perempuan Korban Kekerasan (Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar), hlm 2.

Poerwandari, Kristi.2005. “Hidden and Destroying: The Complex Layers of Violence against Women in Intimate Relationship” in Indonesian Women in a Changing Society ed.Kristi Poerwandari (Seoul: Ewha Womans University Press), p.324.

Primastika, W. “Undang-Undang Penghapusan Kekerasan Seksual Harus Segera Disahkan,” 2018. https://tirto.id/undang-undang-penghapusan-kekerasan-seksual-harus-segera-disahkan-dbbA,

Prodjodikoro, Wirjono. 2010. Tindak-Tindak Pidana Tertentu di Indonesia (Bandung: Refika Aditama), pp. 118-119.

Randall, M and V. Venkatesh. 2016. “Criminalizing Sexual Violence Against Women in Intimate Relationship” AJIL Unbound, vol. 109 (Juli 2015-Mei 2016). p. 190.

  1. Huff dan D. L. Rappleyea, “Understanding and Responding to Victims of Interpersonal Sexual Violence and Sexual Assault within Committed Relationships”, The American Journal of Family Therapy (2020), pp. 107-125.

J.N. Sowden dan M.E. Olver. 2017. “Use of the Violence Risk Scale Sexual Offender Version and the Stable 2007 to Assess Sexual Offender Treatment Change”, Psychological Assessment. p. 294.

Sowe, Ebrima and Pelumi Akintunde. 2019, “Justification for Punishment in Criminal Law”, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337636626_Justification_for_Punishme nt_in_Criminal_Law,

Raynor, P and G. Robinson. 2009. Rehabilitation, Crime and Justice (Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan, p. 3.

Soesilo, R. 1995. Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana serta Komentar-Komentarnya Lengkap Pasal demi Pasal . (Bogor: Politeia), hlm. 209.

UN Women, “Treatment Programmes for Sex Offenders”, https://evaw-global-database.unwomen.org/es/countries/asia/japan/2006/treatment-programmes-for-sex-offenders, diakses tanggal 1 September 2021.

Walker, L.E. 1999. Psychology and domestic violence around the world. American Psychologist, 54(1), 21-29. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0003-066X.54.1.21

Winder, Bellinda and Nicholas Blagden. 2019. “Helping to rehabilitate sex offenders is controversial – but it can prevent more abuse,” https://theconversation.com/helping-to-rehabilitate-sex-offenders-is-controversial-but-it-can-prevent-more-abuse-111861.

World Health Organization.2009. “Promoting Gender Equality to Prevent Violence against Women.” WHO: Department of Gender and Women Health.

Legislation

The Criminal Law

The Law No.23 Year of 2004 on Eradication of Domestic Violence

Bill of Eradication of Sexual Violence

Case Law

Verdict No. 126/Pid.Sus/2015/PNPbg

Verdict No. 150/Pid.Sus/2017/PN.Bkl

Verdict No. 122/PID/2013/PT-BNA

Share

COinS
 
 

To view the content in your browser, please download Adobe Reader or, alternately,
you may Download the file to your hard drive.

NOTE: The latest versions of Adobe Reader do not support viewing PDF files within Firefox on Mac OS and if you are using a modern (Intel) Mac, there is no official plugin for viewing PDF files within the browser window.