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Indonesian Journal of Medical Chemistry and Bioinformatics

Abstract

Corynebacterium diphtheriae is a rod-shaped bacterium, Gram-positive (purple), growth requires the presence of oxygen or can live with oxygen or without oxygen, nonmotile, non-capsular, non-sporing, catalase positive. Most species ferment carbohydrates such as fructose, galactose, glucose, maltose, and mannose and produce an exotoxin called diphtheria toxin (DT) which can cause diphtheria, a respiratory infection characterized by sore throat and the production of a thick layer / gray pseudomembrane and generally affects children aged 15 years and under and is very vulnerable in people who are not immunized and in low immune systems. Diphtheria is a dangerous and life-threatening disease if not detected early, so clinical diagnosis must be made immediately. Therefore, clinical diagnosis methods must be supported by laboratory examinations to detect the bacteria. Examinations that can be performed for the diagnosis of bacteria of the genus Corynebacterium include culture examination on growth media, toxicity test/toxin identification, serology test, histology examination and imaging test, biomarker test, and PCR (Polymerase Chain-Reaction) test.

Bahasa Abstract

Corynebacterium diphtheriae merupakan bakteri berbentuk batang, bersifat Gram positif (berwarna ungu), pertumbuhannya memerlukan adanya oksigen atau dapat hidup dengan oksigen atau tanpa oksigen, tidak bergerak (nonmotil), tidak berkapsul, tidak berspora, katalase positif. Sebagian besar spesies memfermentasi karbohidrat seperti fruktosa, galaktosa, glukosa, maltosa dan manosa serta menghasilkan eksotoksin yang disebut difteri toksin (DT) yang dapat menyebabkan penyakit difteri yaitu infeksi saluran pernapasan yang ditandai dengan sakit tenggorokan serta produksi lapisan tebal/pseudomembran berwarna abu-abu dan umumnya menyerang anak-anak berusia 15 tahun ke bawah serta sangat rentan pada masyarakat yang tidak mendapatkan imunisasi dan pada sistem kekebalan tubuh yang rendah. Difteri merupakan penyakit yang membahayakan dan dapat mengancam jiwa bila tidak dideteksi secara dini sehingga diagnosis klinis harus segera ditegakkan. Oleh karena itu metode diagnosis klinis harus ditunjang dengan pemeriksaan laboratorium untuk mendeteksi bakteri tersebut. Pemeriksaan yang dapat dilakukan untuk diagnosis bakteri dari genus Corynebacterium ini antara lain meliputi pemeriksaan biakan atau kultur pada media pertumbuhan, uji toksigenisitas/identifikasi toksin, uji serologi, pemeriksaan histologi dan tes pencitraan, uji biomarker serta uji PCR (Polymerase Chain-Reaction).

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