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Abstract

This research attempts to build a structural model based on an integrative approach to explain labor intention to participate in collective action. This research is relevant as most of the existing theories and approaches explain the collective action phenomena partially. The main objective of this research is to analyze the integrative approach of psychological social psychology (individual factors), sociological social psychology (inter-group relation factors) and social constructionism (societal factor) in explaining labor intention to participate in collective action, such as demonstrations and labor strikes. This integrative approach research tested a theoretically derived pattern of specific relationship between individual level of analysis, inter-group relation and societal or ideological level of analysis where each level of analysis was represented by one or more theories. The research model proposes three exogenous latent variables namely: social representation, organizational commitment and union commitment, and four endogenous latent variables that are: social identity, relative deprivation, expectancy-value motives and intention to participate in collective action. These research findings proved that an integrative approach model which was represented by expectancy-value motives (individual level), both relative deprivation and social identity (inter-group level) and social representation (societal level) explain the labor intention participating in collective action was significant in non participant sample. On the other hand, in participant sample there were only two factors namely inter-group relation and societal context which explain the emerging of the labor intention participating in collective action.

Bahasa Abstract

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk membuktikan suatu model persamaan struktural yang menjelaskan intensi buruh untuk mengikuti aksi kolektif. Teori dan pendekatan psikologi selama ini umumnya hanya memberikan penjelasan yang bersifat parsial terhadap gejala aksi kolektif. Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah membuktikan bahwa pendekatan integratif yang terdiri dari pendekatan psychological social psychology (faktor individual), sociological social psychology (faktor hubungan antarkelompok) dan pendekatan social constructionism (faktor yang ada dalam masyarakat) dapat menjelaskan intensi buruh untuk mengikuti aksi kolektif, dalam hal ini adalah unjuk rasa dan mogok kerja. Pengujian model ini hendak melihat pola hubungan yang spesifik yang didasarkan pada teori-teori yang menjelaskan gejala aksi kolektif pada tingkat individual, hubungan antar-kelompok dan masyarakat/ideologi di mana masing-masing pendekatan diwakili oleh satu atau lebih teori, yang diturunkan dalam bentuk variabel. Model penelitian ini mengajukan tiga variabel eksogen, yaitu representasi sosial, komitmen pada perusahaan dan komitmen pada serikat buruh serta empat variabel endogen, yaitu identitas sosial, deprivasi relatif, motif nilai-harapan dan intensi untuk mengikuti aksi kolektif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan integratif terhadap faktor-faktor individual, hubungan antarkelompok dan masyarakat terbukti dapat menjelaskan intensi buruh untuk mengikuti aksi kolektif secara komprehensif khususnya pada sampel buruh yang belum pernah mengikuti aksi kolektif (non partisipan). Adapun pada sampel buruh yang pernah mengikuti aksi kolektif (partisipan), hanya faktor-faktor hubungan antar kelompok dan faktor yang ada dalam masyarakat yang dapat menjelaskan intensi buruh untuk mengikuti aksi kolektif.

References

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