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Abstract

Since it was first implemented, the utilization of the National Health Insurance (JKN) has been increasing each year. Currently, almost all hospitals accept JKN patients. However, the JKN claim payment process did not run as conveniently as expected, and there were frequent delays in payment. This delay becomes a major obstacle in hospitals, especially public hospital, which relies heavily upon JKN patients for its cashflow. This study aims to determine the magnitude of the delay in the payment of JKN claims and what factors are involved, especially in public hospitals. This study was conducted using the scoping method review with Arksey and O'Malley guidelines. The study was conducted by including publications from 2014 to 2022. A literature search was carried out on 3 electronic databases and additional searches, found a total of 530 articles. A total of 35 studies were analyzed in this study. This study found that the delay in the payment of JKN patient claims was around 2.5-47.7% per month. Several factors that were found to be closely related to the delay in payment of this claim were administrative completeness, the number of staff involved, the ability and accuracy of the coder, the completeness of the medical resume by the doctor in charge of the patient, good communication between the doctor in charge of the patient and coder, the use of internal verifiers, facility support. and infrastructure as well as the existence of standard operating procedures.

Bahasa Abstract

Sejak pertama kali diimplementasikan, pemanfaatan Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN) semakin meningkat setiap tahun. Saat ini hampir semua rumah sakit melayani pasien JKN. Namun demikian, proses pembayaran klaim JKN tidak berjalan dengan mulus serta sering terjadi penundaan pembayaran. Hal ini menyebabkan hambatan di rumah sakit, terutama rumah sakit pemerintah yang mayoritas pasiennya adalah pasien JKN. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui besarnya penundaan pembayaran klaim serta faktor-faktor apa yang terlibat dalam penundaan pembayaran klaim JKN oleh BPJS Kesehatan (Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial Kesehatan) di rumah sakit pemerintah. Studi ini dilakukan dengan metode scoping review dengan pedoman Arksey dan O’Malley. Studi dilakukan dengan mengikutsertakan publikasi dari tahun 2014 hingga 2022. Pencarian literatur dilakukan pada 3 database elektronik dan pencarian tambahan, menemukan sebanyak 530 studi. Sebanyak 35 studi dianalisis dalam penelitian ini, terdiri atas rumah sakit tipe A hingga D, milik pemerintah pusat maupun pemerintah daerah. Studi menemukan bahwa besar penundaan pembayaran klaim pasien JKN sekitar 2,5-47,7% per bulannya. Adapun beberapa faktor yang ditemukan erat hubungannya penundaan pembayaran klaim ini adalah kelengkapan administrasi, jumlah tenaga, kemampuan dan ketelitian koder, kelengkapan penulisan resume medis oleh dokter penanggung jawab pasien, komunikasi yang baik antara dokter penanggung jawab pasien dan koder, pemanfaatan verifikator internal, dukungan sarana dan prasarana serta adanya standar prosedur operasional.

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