Article Title
Abstract
Termination of an agreement/contract in a situation where a party has known that he/she/it will not be able to perform its obligation(s) based on the agreement/contract to avoid the occurrence of the larger losses if the agreement/contract is still ongoing. Under Indonesian civil law, a defaulting party or a party who has anticipated that he/she/it will fail to meet obligation(s) does not have the right to file a claim to terminate an agreement/contract. This means that, this party can only be passive until the default actually happens and wait until the non-defaulting party to file the claim with the claim of compensation for the losses. Meanwhile, the larger losses can be avoided if the agreement/contract can be terminated before the event of default happens. The claim for termination of agreement/contract surely cannot be misused as “tricks” by a party to escape from the agreement/contract. In examining the claim for termination of an agreement/contract before the event of default happens, judges should also assess whether the respondent should maintain the agreement/contract or maintain the agreement/contract merely to gain maximum profits while the petitioner will suffer significant losses to implement the agreement/contract.
Keywords: engagement, agreement, contract, performance, non-performance, losses due to non-performance, compensation of losses due to non-performance.
Bahasa Abstract
Pengakhiran suatu perjanjian/kontrak dalam hal suatu pihak telah mengetahui bahwa dirinya akan tidak dapat melaksanakan kewajiban dalam perjanjian/kontrak guna menghindari timbulnya kerugian yang lebih besar apabila perjanjian/kontrak tersebut tetap berjalan. Dalam hukum perdata di Indonesia, pihak yang telah wanprestasi atau mengantisipasi bahwa dirinya akan gagal melaksanakan kewajibannya tidak memiliki hak untuk mengajukan gugatan pengakhiran perjanjian/kontrak. Artinya, pihak tersebut hanya dapat bersifat pasif sampai wanprestasinya benar-benar terjadi dan menunggu hingga pihak yang tidak wanprestasi mengajukan gugatan pengakhiran beserta tuntutan ganti kerugiannya. Padahal, kerugian yang lebih besar dapat dihindarkan apabila perjanjian/kontrak dapat diakhiri sebelum wanprestasi terjadi. Gugatan pengakhiran perjanjian/kontrak tentu tidak dapat disalahgunakan sebagai “akal-akalan” suatu pihak untuk melarikan diri dari ikatan perjanjian/kontrak. Dalam memeriksa gugatan pengakhiran perjanjian/kontrak sebelum wanprestasi terjadi, hakim juga sebaiknya dapat mencermati apakah pihak termohon patut untuk mempertahankan perjanjian/kontrak yang dimaksud atau mempertahankan perjanjian/kontrak tersebut semata-mata demi mendapatkan keuntungan maksimal sementara pihak pemohon menderita kerugian yang signifikan apabila tetap menjalani perjanjian/kontrak tersebut.
Kata kunci: perikatan, perjanjian, kontrak, prestasi, wanprestasi, kerugian karena wanprestasi, ganti kerugian karena wanprestasi.
References
Buku
Agustina, Rosa. Perbuatan Melawan Hukum. Jakarta: Fakultas Hukum Universitas Indonesia, 2003.
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Putusan Pengadilan
Mahkamah Agung, Putusan Nomor 1051 K/Pdt/2014, PT. Chuhatsu Indonesia melawan PT. Tenang Jaya Sejahtera.
Peraturan Perundang-Undangan
Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata [Burgerlijk Wetboek]. diterjemahkan oleh R. Subekti dan R. Tjitrosudibio. Jakarta: Balai Pustaka.
Recommended Citation
Mehaga S, M. Hillman
(2022)
"PENGAKHIRAN KONTRAK SEBELUM TERJADI WANPRESTASI OLEH PIHAK YANG MENGANTISIPASI KEGAGALAN PELAKSANAAN KEWAJIBAN,"
"Dharmasisya” Jurnal Program Magister Hukum FHUI: Vol. 2, Article 34.
Available at:
https://scholarhub.ui.ac.id/dharmasisya/vol2/iss2/34
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