Abstract
A citizen lawsuit is a lawsuit filed by citizens against state officials that cause negligence and cause losses. This negligence is an act against the law (onrechtmatige overhead daad), where the state is ordered to improve its performance and issue a policy for general governing policies (regeling). It is intended to ensure that the negligence that previously occurred will not be repeated. A citizen lawsuit is almost similar to a class action lawsuit because it has the same thing, namely that the lawsuit is filed involving the interests of many people represented by one or more people. The difference is that citizens file a citizen lawsuit for the public interest. In contrast, in a class action lawsuit, the lawsuit is filed by representatives of a group for specific interests. Citizen lawsuit was formed in countries with common law legal systems that were initially raised on issues related to the environment. Meanwhile, citizen lawsuit in Indonesia is not regulated in the regulation. However, in 2003, the Central Jakarta District Court accepted the form of a citizen lawsuit, so although it is not regulated in legislation, it has been recognized in practice. In this article, the author describes examples of citizen lawsuits that have occurred in Indonesia and the United States. In addition, it will also explain the mechanism of citizen lawsuit lawsuits so that in writing this article, some similarities and differences are found in the practice of citizen lawsuits applied in Indonesia and the United States.
Keywords: Citizen Lawsuit, Civil Procedure, Comparative Law, Environmental Law, Tort
Bahasa Abstract
Citizen lawsuit merupakan gugatan yang diajukan oleh warga negara terhadap penyelenggara negara yang menimbulkan kelalaian sehingga menyebabkan kerugian. Kelalaian tersebut merupakan Perbuatan Melawan Hukum (onrechtmatige overhead daad), dimana negara diperintahkan untuk melakukan perbaikan atas kinerjanya dan mengeluarkan suatu kebijakan yang mengatur umum (regeling). Hal tersebut bertujuan agar kelalaian yang sebelumnya terjadi tidak terulang lagi pada masa yang akan datang. Pada dasarnya, gugatan citizen lawsuit hampir mirip dengan gugatan class action karena memiliki kesamaan yaitu gugatannya diajukan dengan melibatkan kepentingan sejumlah besar orang yang diwakilkan oleh satu orang atau lebih. Perbedaannya adalah gugatan citizen lawsuit diajukan oleh warga negara untuk kepentingan umum sedangkan dalam gugatan class action, gugatannya diajukan oleh wakil dari sebuah kelompok untuk kepentingan tertentu. Citizen lawsuit terbentuk di negara-negara dengan sistem hukum common law yang pada awalnya diajukan terhadap permasalahan yang berkaitan dengan lingkungan hidup. Sedangkan citizen lawsuit di Indonesia sebenarnya tidak diatur dalam perundang-undangan. Namun pada tahun 2003, Pengadilan Negeri Jakarta Pusat telah menerima bentuk gugatan citizen lawsuit, sehingga walaupun gugatan citizen lawsuit ini tidak diatur dalam perundang-undangan, namun telah diakui dalam praktiknya. Pada artikel ini, penulis menjelaskan contoh-contoh citizen lawsuit yang pernah terjadi di Indonesia dan Amerika Serikat. Selain itu, akan dijelaskan juga mekanisme gugatan citizen lawsuit sehingga dalam penulisan artikel ini ditemukan beberapa persamaan dan perbedaan dalam praktik citizen lawsuit yang diterapkan di Indonesia dan Amerika Serikat.
Kata kunci: Citizen Lawsuit, Prosedur Hukum Acara Perdata, Perbandingan Hukum, Hukum Lingkungan, Perbuatan Melawan Hukum.
References
Buku
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Legal Information Institue “33 U.S. Code § 1365 - Citizen suits”. https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/33/1365. Diakses pada 1 Januari 2020.
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Recommended Citation
Nurmedina, Listyalaras
(2022)
"PERBANDINGAN PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA LINGKUNGAN HIDUP MELALUI MEKANISME GUGATAN WARGA NEGARA (CITIZEN LAWSUIT) DI INDONESIA DAN AMERIKA SERIKAT,"
"Dharmasisya” Jurnal Program Magister Hukum FHUI: Vol. 2, Article 32.
Available at:
https://scholarhub.ui.ac.id/dharmasisya/vol2/iss2/32
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