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Abstract

Foreign investment is one of the important elements of development for developing countries. Indonesia as a developing country needs to make efforts to pull foreign investment into the country. One of the efforts is by transplanting international legal principles aimed at foreign investor protection, such as National Treatment Principle which gives protection to the foreign shareholder by providing the same treatment to the foreign investor and domestic investor, therefore, creating a level playing field for business in the country for foreign and domestic investors alike. The legal transplant of international legal principles must also consider the existing legal rules and norms in Indonesia. This thesis discusses about legal transplantation, National Treatment principle in international law and National Treatment Principle in Indonesian Investment Law.

Keywords: Foreign Investment, Legal Transplantation, National Treatment principle.

Bahasa Abstract

Penanaman modal asing merupakan salah satu elemen pendukung pembangunan yang penting bagi negara berkembang. Indonesia sebagai negara berkembang harus melakukan upaya untuk menarik penanaman modal asing ke Indonesia. Salah satu upaya dalam menarik penanaman modal asing tersebut adalah dengan mentransplantasikan prinsip-prinsip hukum internasional yang bertujuan untuk melindungi penanam modal asing, seperti prinsip “National Treatment” yang memberikan perlindungan kepada penanam modal asing dengan memberikan perlakuan yang sama antara penanam modal asing dan penanam modal dalam negeri dalam peraturan perundang-undangannya, karenanya, memberikan kondisi persaingan usaha yang sama antara penanam modal asing dan penanam modal dalam negeri di Indonesia. Transplantasi hukum atas prinsip hukum internasional harus juga mempertimbangkan norma dan peraturan hukum yang ada di Indonesia. Artikel ini membahas tentang transplantasi hukum, prinsip National Treatment dalam hukum internasional, dan prinsip National Treatment sebagaimana termuat dalam UU Penanaman Modal di Indonesia..

Kata Kunci: Penanaman Modal Asing, Transplantasi Hukum, Prinsip “National Treatment”.

References

Artikel

Badan Pembinaan Hukum Nasional, Laporan Akhir Analisis dan Evaluasi Hukum Mengenai Mekanisme Perizinan Dalam Rangka Mendukung Kemudahan Berinvestasi di Indonesia, (Pusat Analisis dan Evaluasi Hukum Nasional;2016).

Badan Pembinaan Hukum Nasional, “Laporan Akhir Analisis dan Evaluasi Hukum Mengenai Mekanisme Perizinan Dalam Rangka Mendukung Kemudahan Berinvestasi di Indonesia,” (Jakarta: Badan Pembinaan Hukum Nasional, 2016).

Daniel Berkowitz, Katharina Pistor dan Jean Francois Richard, “The Transplant Effect” The American Journal of Comparative Law Vol. 51 (Oxford University Press: 2003).

Jan Knorich and Axel Berger, “Friends or Foes? Interactions between Indonesia’s Investment Agreements and National Investment Law”, German Development Institute, (Bonn: 2014).

Nicholas DiMascio dan Joost Pauwelyn, “Nondiscrimination in Trade and Investment Treaties: Worlds Apart or Two Sides of the Same Coin?”, The American Journal of International Law (Januari:2008).

J. D. Frantzeska Papadopoulou., Legal Transplants and Modern Law-making in the Field of Pharmaceutical Patents – A Way to Achieve International Harmonisation or the Source of Deeper Divergences. Max Planck Institute for Innovation and Competition, Munich 2016.

Jeremy J. Kingsley, Legal Transplantation: Is this what the doctor ordered and are the blood types compatible? The application of interdisciplinary research to law reform in the developing world – a case study of corporate governance in Indonesia. Arizona Journal of International & Comparative Law, (2004), Vol. 21, No. 2.

Lesher, M. “The OECD Regulatory Reform Review of Indonesia: Market Openness”, OECD Trade Policy Working Papers, No. 138, OECD Publishing (2012).

Louis F. Del Duca dan Alain A. Levasseur, “Impact of Legal Culture and Legal Transplants on the Evolution of the U.S Legal System”, The American Journal of Comparative Law, vol.58 (Oxford University Press:2010)

Merryll Dean, “Legal Transplants and Jury Trial in Japan”, Legal Studies, Vol. 31 No. 4, December 2011.

UNCTAD, “National Treatment” UNCTAD Series on issues in International Investment Agreement, (Geneva: UNCTAD, 1999).

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. “Investment laws: A widespread tool for the promotion and regulation of foreign investment”. (Investment Policy Monitor:2016).

William Twining, “Social Science and Diffusion of Law”, Journal of Law and Society (Cardiff University:2005)

World Bank Group, “Comparative gap analysis: Indonesia’s current obligations under international investment agreements (IIAs) vs. the obligations under the investment chapter of the Trans Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPP)”.

Buku

Gaetan Verhoosel, National Treatment and WTO Dispute Settlement, Adjudicating the Boundaries of Regulatory Autonomy, Hart Publishing (Oregon:2002).

Gunawan Widjaya, “Transplantasi Trusts Dalam KUH Perdata, KUHD dan Undang Undang Pasar Modal”, (Jakarta:PT. RajaGrafindo Persada,2008).

Kacper Van Wallendael, “Legal Transplants: profitable borrowing or harmful dependency? The use of the legal transplant framework for the adoption of EU Law: the case of Croatia” dalam Evolving dependency relations, edited by: A. Filipiak, E. Kania, J. Van den Bosch, R. Wiśniewski, Revolutions Research Center, Poznań, (2014)

Sulistyowati Irianto, “Pluralisme Hukum dalam Perspektif Global”, dalam Hukum Yang Bergerak Tinjauan Antropologi Hukum, ed. Sulistyowati Irianto (Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia, 2009).

Tri Budiyono “Transplantasi Hukum, Harmonisasi dan Potensi Benturan” Griya Media (Salatiga:2009).

Putusan Pengadilan

Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia, Putusan No. 21-22/PUU-V/2007.

Peraturan

Indonesia, Undang-undang tentang Penanaman Modal, UU No.25 Tahun 2007, LN No.67 tahun 2007, TLN No.4724.

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