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Abstract

With the development of technology and the widespread of low cost carrier, air travel now become more accessible to the middle-class society. This Phenomenon lead to the need for Airline Company to strengthen their aircraft armada in order to compete with other airline company. However, with the price of aircraft being astronomically high, it is impossible for Airline Company to procure an aircraft with cash payment or conventional financing scheme. Therefore, the mechanism of aircraft financing become the most common methods of aircraft procurement used by Airline Companies in order to increase their aircraft quantity. Unfortunately, the complicated process of aircraft financing and the nature of aircraft of being highly moveable and transferable between jurisdiction, disputes between Airline Company and Financing Company, as well as between Airline Companies are prone to happened. Based on the aforemtioned problems, this paper will discuss the process of aircraft financing dan registration for aircraft nationality determination, as regulated under The Convention on International Civil Aviation (Chicago Convention). Including the case of Blue Sky One Limited and Others v. Mahan Air and Another where disputes happened concerning the execution of aircraft ownership as the guarantee of mortgage agreement when the ownership of the aircraft is transferred beforehand and have its nationality changed. To prevent the problems of ownership and nationality from the process of aircraft financing several international organization and the Unidriot has created The Convention on International Interest in Mobile Equipment (Cape Town Convention) which aim to create the guarantee rights of aircraft using the concept of International Interest.

Keywords: Aircraft financing, Aircraft nationality, Chicago Convention, Cape-Town Convention, International Interest.

Bahasa Abstract

Dengan perkembangan teknologi dan semakin maraknya low cost carrier, membuat perjalanan dengan menggunakan pesawat terbang dapat dijangkau dengan mudah oleh masyarakat kelas menengah. Fenomena ini kemudian berdampak kepada keharusan maskapai penerbangan untuk memperkuat armada pesawat terbangnya untuk dapat bersaing dengan maskapai lainnya. Namun, harga dari pesawat terbang itu sendiri yang tergolong sangat mahal membuat tidak mungkin bagi maskapai penerbangan untuk melakukan pengadaan dengan metode pembayaran tunai atau pembiayaan konvensional. Oleh karena itu, mekanisme pembiayaan pembelian pesawat udara (Aircraft Financing) menjadi metode yang paling umum digunakan oleh maskapai penerbangan untuk meningkatkan jumlah pesawat udaranya. Sayangnya, karena proses dari pengadaan pesawat terbang yang rumit dan sifat dari pesawat terbang itu sendiri yang dapat dengan mudah berpindah-pindah antar jurisdiksi membuat seringkali terjadinya sengketa, baik antara maskapai penerbangan dengan perusahaan pembiayaan atau dengan sesama maskapai penerbangan. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut, maka artikel ini akan dibahas mengenai proses pembiayaan pesawat udara dan juga registrasi pesawat terbang untuk penentuan nasionalitas sebagaimana diatur juga dalam The Convention on International Civil Aviation (Chicago Convention). Termasuk juga mengenai kasus Blue Sky One Limited and Others v. Mahan Air and Another dimana sengketa terjadi sehubungan dengan eksekusi kepemilikan pesawat terbang sebagai jaminan dari perjanjian hipotek ketika kepemilikan pesawat telah terlebih dahulu dilakukan yang berdampak terhadap berubahnya kewarganegaraan dari pesawat tersebut. Untuk mengatasi masalah kepemilikan dan nasionalitas dari proses pembiayaan pesawat udara, maka organisasi internasional bersama dengan Unidroit mengesahkan Convention on International Interest in Mobile Equipment (Cape Town Convention) yang mana bertujuan untuk menciptakan hak jaminan atas pesawat terbang dengan konsep kepentingan internasional (International Interest).

Keyword: Pengadaan pesawat udara, nasionalitas pesawat udara, Konvensi Chicago, Konvensi Cape Town, Kepentingan Internasional

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