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Abstract

Increasing violations of the world’s airspace are a threat to a state’s sovereignty. An important aspect of maintaining sovereignty is the use of airspace security through the air defense system. One of the concepts of airspace security that has been implemented by states in the world is the Air Defence Identification Zone (ADIZ). ADIZ is an early warning space through airspace fight identification zones in support of a state’s sovereignty. This article aims to explain the implementation of ADIZ as an air defense system according to international law based on the state practices in the world. This article concludes that ADIZ benefits states that implemented and cause opposition to its recognition. This article concludes of ADIZ implementation under the 1944 Chicago Convention and the United Nations Charter is the basis for the enactment of flight identification zones in addition to customary international law and international practices. The concept of airspace defense is supported by the state’s self defense rights in maximizing the implementation of ADIZ as a right to protect sovereignty and airspace security is in the national interest in maximizing safe and orderly airspace under international law.

Bahasa Abstract

Meningkatnya pelanggaran wilayah udara di dunia merupakan ancaman terhadap kedaulatan suatu negara. Aspek penting dalam menjaga kedaulatan wilayah udara adalah diterapkannya pengamanan wilayah udara melalui sistem pertahanan udara. Salah satu konsep pengamanan wilayah udara yang telah diterapkan oleh negara-negara di dunia adalah Air Defence Identification Zone (ADIZ). ADIZ merupakan ruang peringatan dini melalui zona identifikasi penerbangan dalam mendukung kedaulatan nasional suatu negara. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan pelaksanaan ADIZ sebagai strategi penjagaan wilayah keamanan udara berdasarkan praktik internasional. Artikel ini menemukan bahwa ADIZ memberikan keuntungan bagi negara yang menerapkan dan menimbulkan pertentangan atas pengakuannya. Artikel ini menyimpulkan penerapan ADIZ berdasarkan Konvensi Chicago 1944 dan Piagam PBB merupakan dasar pemberlakuan zona identifikasi penerbangan disamping hukum kebiasaan internasional dan praktik internasional. Konsep pertahanan wilayah udara didukung dengan hak bela diri negara dalam memaksimalkan penerapan ADIZ sebagai hak menjaga kedaulatan dan keamanan wilayah udara merupakan kepentingan nasional dalam memaksimalkan wilayah udara yang aman dan tertib berdasarkan hukum internasional

Kata Kunci: Air Defence Identification Zone, Pemanfaatan Wilayah Udara, Penegakan Hukum Udara Internasional

References

Artikel

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Buku

Chappy Hakim dan Supri Abu, Menegakan Kedaulatan Negara Di Udara, (Jakarta: Aksara Media Pratama, 2017),

Hans Kelsen, General Theory of Law and State, (New York: Russel, 1961)

Ida Bagus Rahmadi Supancana, “Peranan Hukum Dalam Pembangunan Kedirgantaraan”, (Jakarta: Mitra Karya, 2003)

Dokumen Internasional

Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa, Convention on International Civil Aviation, (1944)

Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa, Convention Relating to the Regulation of Aerial Navigation, (1919)

Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa, Charter of the United Nations, (1945)

Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa, United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, (1982)

Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa, Annex 2 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation, (2005).

Internet

Courtney E. Howard, Military radar market worth $13 billion by 2020, http:// intelligent-aerospace.com/military/article/16539119/military-radar-market-worth-13-billion-by-2020, diakses 11 Oktober 2020

John Mchale, “Airbone radar system and advanced multi-mode receiver from Rockwell Collins selected by Xianmen Airlines for Boeing 737NG”, http//intelligent-aerospace.com/sitcom/article/16543916/airbone-radar-system-and-advanced-multimode-receiver-from-rockwell-collins-by-xianmen-airlines-for-boeing-737ng. diakses 11 Oktober 2020

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