Self protection and stop bullying campaign for kids at RPTRA Sungai Bambu, Tanjung Priok, Jakarta Utara

This paper presents a socialization and counseling program anchored on the themes “selfprotection” and “stop bullying.” The program aims to explain the importance of knowing what parts of our body can and cannot be touched by other people, the need to be vigilant when invited to quiet places either by known or unknown people, and how to act in such situations. Bullying is sometimes undetected because it is considered normal or funny. Therefore, children must be told that calling names in the form of ridicule or hitting others is an unjustified action. The methods used in this program are socialization and counseling. The program, which was attended by 50 children, was implemented in the Sungai Bambu Child-friendly Integrated Public Space (RPTRA) Tanjung Priok, North Jakarta on Saturday, December 01, 2018. The children sang “Sentuhan Boleh Sentuhan Tidak Boleh.” (What You Can Touch and What You Can’t Touch) together with their peers. Results show that children who participate in community service activities exhibit an increased level of knowledge and awareness of self-protection by following the instructions in the song.


Introduction
Sexual harassment and sexual violence are serious issues. Ironically, most victims are children. The commissioner of KPAI (Commission for Children's Protection in Indonesia) stated that 218, 180, and 116 cases of child sexual abuse were reported in 2015, 2016, and 2017, respectively. These numbers show how alarming this issue is in Indonesia.
KPAI found that most of the perpetrators are the victims' close relatives (Setyawan & KPAI, 2017).
Retno reports that majority of the cases occurred at the elementary school level. Of the 37 cases in January-April 2019, 25 occurred in elementary school, whereas the lowest number of cases (i.e., 1) was reported in the college level (Maradewa, 2019). The following data (Table 1)   Children cannot spot sexual predators, especially when such predators could be anyone they know or anyone they interact with every day; it could be their parents, relatives, neighbors, or even their favorite teacher. Most of the people in Indonesia have been told from early age to be careful when interacting with strangers, that is, to refuse to go with them or scream if they force us to go. The fact that underaged children are seen as sexual objects leaves us heartbroken (Morrison et al., 2018). Zhang et al. (2014) stated three factors could lead to child sexual abuse: (1) sexual attraction to prepubescent children (i.e., pedophilia), (2) exposure to pornographic media, and (3) children's lack of sexual education. Based on these factors, sexual abuse should be treated as an extraordinary crime in which victims need immediate and comprehensive care. All sectors, including parents, the government, and KPAI, of the community must participate and cooperate to protect minors from sexual violence.
Most minors that are prone to sexual abuse live in densely populated areas, where residents live too close to each other. Consequently, crime rates in such areas are high.
The government has reminded that all citizens must be vigilant to safeguard children.
Sexual violence includes but is not limited to molestation and rape; such violence affects children psychologically and leads to an unstable mental condition. If not treated properly, then repercussions, such as lack of life spirit, hate for the opposite sex, and tendency to revenge, last for a lifetime (Morrison et al., 2018).
All children have the right to feel safe, comfortable, and happy. The amended Law of the Republic of Indonesia on Child Protection (Setiawan et al., 2019) states that every child has the right to be protected and educated; this law should be implemented without discrimination of race, religion, class, gender, ethnicity, culture and language, legal status, birth order, and physical and/or mental capabilities (Setyawan & KPAI, 2017).
Children have the right to security, comfort, pleasure, and excitement.  (Setyawan, 2018;Widiastuti, 2018;KPAI, 2020). The commissioner of KPAI Child Education Division believes that victims can be classified into five categories, namely, victims of brawls between schools/gangs, participants of brawls between schools/gangs, victims of child violence and bullying, initiator of child violence and bullying, and victims of policies (illegal levies, expulsion from school, exclusion from exams, and dropouts) (Rostanti, 2015).
Bullying is not limited to physical abuse, such as hitting, grabbing, slapping, or coercion to give money. It can also come in the form of verbal abuse, such as cursing, mocking, gossiping, and psychological abuse, which includes intimidation, seclusion, and discrimination. All of these kinds of abuse may happen at a young age. Most parents shrug off these red flags under the mask of jokes. Victims of bullying experience high levels of stress and have low self-esteem; in addition, victims can possibly become a bully themselves (Hong & Espelage, 2012;Laurensius, Situngkir, Putri, & Fauzi, 2019;Limawan, Wiguna, Ismail, & Sekartini, 2016).
Bullying cases are common. In Indonesia, 8 of 10 citizens are victims of bullying in real life and in the cyber world. Bullies have three types: the main actor, the followers, and third actor or the passive actor. The main actors exercise power play and initiate physical and/or psychological violence. By contrast, the followers or secondary actors bully other people to show their solidarity with or gain recognition from others. As for the third actor or the passive actor, fall into bystander effect with almost zero will to help the victim (Hong & Espelage, 2012;Laurensius, Situngkir, Putri, & Fauzi, 2019 Public relations campaigns hold two meanings: in a narrow sense and in a broad sense. In a narrow sense, the campaign aims to raise awareness and educate the target audience to foster positive perception or opinion toward corporate activities and gain trust and good image using intense message delivery through a continuous communication process (Rice & Atkin, 2017). In a broad sense, the campaign aims to provide continuous understanding to motivate the community toward a particular activity or program through processed communication techniques and plan to achieve publicity and positive image (Suraya, 2019).
Socialization is an effort to convert an individual's property into a people's property (state property) or a learning process as a member of society to recognize and live the culture in their environment. From the children's perspective, socialization is a linking process that allows them to learn social values so they can become mature and responsible citizens (Parke et al., 2008;Parsons et al., 2014). According to Herskovits, socialization is a process by which a child adjusts to the norms in his family (Kemenkes RI, 2013).
Individuals can achieve four objectives during socialization (Ashforth et al., 2007): (1) Socialization can help individuals achieve their identity physically and mentally.
(2) Socialization helps each individual or group to develop their humanistic potential and learn how to live in the society.
(3) Socialization meets basic human needs to survive in the society. (4) Socialization helps individuals or groups to imitate their respective culture.
Socialization can be divided into two types: (1) primary socialization, which is a process that occurs since childhood, and (2) secondary socialization, which is performed by the individual based on the lessons he/she learned. Primary socialization starts from the family, where the individual begins to learn to distinguish himself from others around him. At this stage, an individual learns for the first time about family culture, religion, and rules. In secondary socialization, a person learns to recognize his environment outside the family and the values and norms, which exist in the community. In general, secondary socialization is a determinant of one's attitude because a person has adapted to various community environments (Laurensius, Situngkir, Putri, & Fauzi, 2019;Parsons et al., 2014;Wang et al., 2012).
Etymological counseling provides information, explanation, guidance, path, and direction that must be taken by each person to solve the problems he/she faces and improve his/her quality of life (Bor & Allen, 2014;Gibson & Cartwright, 2014;Sori & Hecker, 2015). According to Geldard & Geldard (2008), counseling is an activity of educating the community by providing information and new abilities so that they can shape new attitudes and behavior (Bor & Allen, 2014;Vangelisti, 2004).
Counseling is a nonformal educational activity to change society toward an improved condition as desired. In an effort to change the community, elements, such as ideas or concepts taught by institutions, initiate changes in society as a whole to disseminate ideas in question. In addition, the community members individually and as a whole are the targets of counseling activities (Hurlock, 1967).
The philosophy of counseling is to work with the community to help them increase their dignity as humans. On the basis of this opinion, (1) counseling agents must cooperate with the community and not work for the community. The presence of counseling agents is not as a determinant or enforcer, but he must be able to create a dialogical atmosphere with the community and be able to grow, mobilize, and maintain community participation.
(2) Counseling does not create dependency but must be able to encourage the creativity and independence of the community; Counseling develops the ability to represent, self-help, and self-manage and then it was implemented into activities that achieve the goals, hopes, and desires of the target community. (3) Counseling must always refer to the achievement of the economic welfare of the community and increase the dignity of its members as a human being (Bor & Allen, 2014).
Simulation refers to imitation or a pretending act (Shanton & Goldman, 2010). As a teaching method, simulation can be interpreted as an activity that describes an actual situation. Participants play a role in artificial simulations to describe an actual event.
Thus, in simulation activities, participants or role holders imitate an artificial environment of actual events (Tsuda, Scott, Doyle, & Jones, 2009).
According to Akselbo, Olufsen, Ingebrigtsen, & Aune (2019), Supriadi & Sa'ud (2017) and Nielsen (2002), simulations are a replica or visualization of the behavior of a system, for example, an educational plan, which runs at a certain period. Thus, simulations are a model that contains a set of variables that display the main characteristics of an actual life system. Simulations allow decisions that determine how the main features to be substantially modified.
Simulation methods have two types (Powell et al., 2016): (1) Role playing: In this learning process, game patterns in the form of dramatization are prioritized.
Dramatization is implemented by groups of students using a mechanism directed by a teacher to perform predetermined/planned activities. This type of simulation focuses on the purpose of remembering or recreating a picture of the past that is possible in the future or an event that is actual and meaningful at present. (2) Sociodrama: This roleplaying learning method aims to solve problems related to social phenomena and human relationships. It is performed by groups to conduct problem solving that is related to individual problems as social beings, e.g., relationship between children and parents and between students and their friends.
(3) Simulation games: In this learning method, students play roles following the roles assigned by students to make decisions.
Child maltreatment can be overcome by conducting sex education to children as early as possible. The activity to educate the children about the importance of sex education was performed by (Tsuda, Scott, Doyle, & Jones, 2017) in Yogyakarta. regarding the importance of sex education for children in Yogyakarta. Holzner & Oetomo (2004) also conducted an event on sex education, especially related to youth, sexuality, desire, and control. Research on the importance of education regarding sexual violence among children was also conducted by Norris (2015) and Ellsberg et al. (2015). Since sexual violence could lead to pornography on social media, the impact of social media and the ethics of using it should be included into the sex education (Kholisoh, 2018). A study included community involvement in children's school curricula, involving all stakeholders to conduct community counseling services, including for child sexual violence case (Villaluz, 2017;Morrison et al., 2018), The community could also involve through media campaign prevention program (Self-Brown, Rheingold, Campbell, & De Arellano, 2008) and sustainability assessment (Dewi, 2017).

Methods
This research was conducted using the postpositivistic paradigm and qualitative descriptive approach. The techniques or methods of implementation used in activities on the Sungai Bambu RPTRA include socialization (1 hour), counseling (1 hour), and simulation with singing and traditional games (2 hours). Socialization was used to explain the meaning of the song "Sentuhan Boleh Sentuhan Tidak Boleh" (What You Can Touch and What You Can't Touch), which is composed by Sri Seskya Situmorang and sung by Indri Ayu Lestari (Fitrianny, 2017). The goal was for children to understand the meaning of the song. Counseling for "Stop Bullying" aimed to help children identify words or attitudes and actions that are considered bullying. Simulation was conducted to observe whether the children understood the material given.  Table 2.

Result and Discussion
The Mercu Buana University conducts community engagement activities to raise children's awareness about the importance of security. This activity gives unique advantages because the method of delivery is not limited to one method. Socialization is implemented by using songs accompanied with traditional dances and games, simulations are implemented through role playing, and counseling is provided. Results show that the children learn how to take care of themselves, love each other, and look out for each other. The children have also become aware of the benefit of being united.
The RPTRA is used by residents as a place of commune and a playground for children. Since the RPRTA was established, the children's character considerably improved.
"There were times where parents will scold their children with awful choice of words, and kids being kids, mimic all of it. But now, we slowly teach them how to behave properly, in method that the kids are comfortable with it," she said.
Leni said that she considers the children around RPTRA as her own children. The committee incentivized kids who answered questions with prizes. This strategy was successful because the children become enthusiastic to answer and sing when asked to sing the song. When traditional games were conducted, the children became eager to win because the winner would be given a prize. They were ecstatic, and several children asked to play again so that their team could win prizes. The games played were Keripik Jengkol Gado-Gado Lontong for children aged 10-12 years and Ular Naga Panjangnya for children aged 7-9 years.
Gimmick given to RPTRA itself is some traditional children such as, congklak, bekel ball, gundu. Modern games, such as Uno Cards and Monopoly board game, were also played. All the games were chosen with a consideration that it can be played by two or more people.
The first activity is socialization for self-protection. The activity was facilitated by Ms.
Maya Afia. The materials used include a PowerPoint presentation, videos, and the song "Sentuhan Boleh Sentuhan Tidak Boleh" (What You Can Touch and What You Can't Touch).
The PowerPoint presentation was made simple and used animated images for the children to understand it easily. The video aired was a video made by the Indonesian Child Protection Commission (KPAI) in Denpasar City. As mentioned previously, the song was composed by Sri Seskya Situmorang and sung by Indri Ayu Lestari. The second activity, which was delivered by Ms. Natasha Mirza, was counseling and a simulation of "Stop Bullying." The "Stop Bullying" video was taken from youtube.com/baboonzchannel because of the images, music background, and simple yet interesting delivery. Anyone who watched it would understand the message easily and interested to watch until the end.
For the simulation activities, the children were grouped into four groups at the beginning of the activity. They began all activities together, starting from registration to sitting together and playing traditional games. The children also did not want to be separated again into another group even though their ages varied. In one simulation, four children called another child "fat." This issue was raised by the facilitator. The four children were asked to apologize directly to the child they called "fat" and promised to start calling their real names from then on. Then, the child they called "fat" was also asked if he would accept the apology. We hope that in the future, these children would not forget their promises, and no other children will follow this behavior again.
Indicators of success tendency can be observed from the results of the pre-and posttest. The results show that the target participants reach a certain level of understanding from the material provided, and the participants are satisfied with the material and the implementation of activities, sponsorship, and media coverage. A total of 50 people comprised the target participants of self-protection and "stop bullying" socialization and counseling.
The post-test was measured through questionnaires, which assessed three aspects: the material provided, the teacher/presenter, and the training methods used. The questionnaire is an indicator of success-whether the objectives were achieved in accordance with the expectations and what aspects must be evaluated and learned for future research.
Based on the results of the questionnaire (Table 1) with a Likert scale model, which is commonly used to measure the perceptions, attitudes, or opinions of a person or group regarding an event or social phenomenon, the results are as follows: Based on the results of the pretest (Table 3), children who participated in the activity said they could distinguish and understand the danger of touch by strangers (66,9%).
They also said they could recognize people who would behave badly (65%). The children said that know about bullying and hit someone when another friend bother them (69%).  (2019) To interpret the results, the data on Table 4 was processed using the Index % formula. The formula for finding the index is the total score of the participants' answers divided by the highest total score times 100 (to get the percentage). If the total score is above 70% it can be said to be very good.
The results reveal that 90% of students stated that "They Know", they do not want to call another friend as fat or black, and 89.8% of students stated that they do not want to hit someone when another friend does not want to lend a toy, for example. A total of 88.8% of students stated that they know what "bullying" is.
Almost all children (boys and girls) who participated in this socialization activity realized the importance of protecting themselves and their friends without having to bully each other. Previously, they lacked knowledge about which body parts should not be touched. They even considered it normal when others poke or even touch them on their sensitive parts. The children quickly understood the message because they were able to point out the parts of the body that can and cannot be touched while singing and dancing.
Eighty percent of the self-protection and "stop bullying" material used images and an animated video that supports the explanation of the material. The satisfaction level of the participants can be observed from their enthusiasm when the materials were presented, when questions were being asked, when singing together, and when playing traditional games. The self-protection and "stop bullying" campaign activities have been published on Kompas Muda (muda.kompas.id). The self-protection and "stop bullying" campaign activities have strengths and limitations, as shown on Table 5. 5. The organizers were positively welcomed by residents of the Sungai Bambu Village, especially by the children who were around the location.
6. This activity is a manifestation of the team's love and concern for the nation's future children.
B Limitations 1. The research had a limited number of participants (50 children, limited to age 7-12 years).
2. Access to the location was somewhat confusing when using an online map guide. Someone who has arrived at the location should share their location coordinate.
3. The nature of children can be considered a limitation.
Some kids interrupted in the middle of session to go to the toilet 4. The concentration of young children is much shorter than adults; thus, when they were taught, their attention must be drawn to the material repeatedly so they can return their focus to the program Source: Data processing from Authors (2019) These community service activities are similar to research that are cited in this study.
The difference between this study and previous ones is the nonpartial method used. The method combines socialization, simulation, and counseling through songs and traditional games. This feature is the novelty of this study.

Conclusion
Self-protection and "Stop Bullying" campaign activities were conducted, aiming to raise awareness on the importance of knowing which body parts can and cannot be touched by others, the need to be vigilant when invited to quiet places either by known or unknown people, and how to act if such a situation happens. Moreover, bullying is not easily recognized because it is considered normal or even funny. Thus, children must be told that calling names to ridicule and hitting are unjustified actions. Socialization and simulation for children to prevent sexual violence and avoid bullying are needed.
Children who participated in the activity have their knowledge and awareness of selfprotection improved.
Counseling and "Self-Protection and Stop Bullying" socialization activities were performed as a communication campaign strategy. Communication campaigns aim to raise the awareness and knowledge level of the target audience and shape the audience's perception into a positive mindset within a certain period. In a broad sense, public relations campaigns are conducted to raise community engagement by enlightening issues and motivating the public to aim for self-protection and stop bullying.
Parents or older people need to reprimand children when another child is hit or called names. Children who are mocked must be empowered to defend themselves and refuse to be called as such. The community must be educated about self-protection so that they can protect their children and families and empower children in villages to protect and educate each other.

Author Contribution
Suraya Mansur is the sole author of this paper. All ideas were conceived and executed by the author.