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Jurnal Kebijakan Ekonomi

Abstract

For Indonesia and other developing countries where domestic savings are limited, foreign direct investment (FDI) is a main choice in financing industrial manufacturing development. The problem is that the geographical distribution of FDI is not evenly distributed between provinces in Indonesia. This research empirically analyzes the role of agglomeration in the distribution of FDI in Indonesian Manufacturing Industry. Unlike most previous studies, FDI data available by provinces in Indonesia are aggregated into 2-digit ISIC industry from 2010 to 2014. This is intended to enrich the results of previous studies which mostly assume the effect of agglomeration on FDI is the same for all sectors. By using the Generalized Least Square (GLS) regression method, this research has proven the positive influence of agglomeration on the distribution of FDI. The existence of agglomeration which is measured by localization index and manufacturing density index certainly enhances a provincial’s attractiveness to foreign investment. In addition, besides agglomerations, factors affecting the distribution of manufacturing FDI in Indonesia are infrastructure, PDRB per capita, capital intensity, wages, and labor productivity.

Bahasa Abstract

Bagi negara Indonesia dan negara-negara berkembang lainnya dimana tabungan domestic sangat terbatas, investasi asing langsung (foreign direct investment/FDI) menjadi salah satu primadona sumber pembiayaan pembangunan industri manufaktur. Permasalahan yang muncul adalah persebaran geografis FDI tidak merata antar provinsi di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menganalisis secara empiris peran aglomerasi dalam penyebaran investasi asing langsung (FDI) Industri Manufaktur Indonesia. Berbeda dengan penelitian sebelumnya, data FDI yang tersedia untuk tiap provinsi diagregasikan kedalam sub sektor 2 digit ISIC dari tahun 2010 – 2014. Hal ini dimaksudkan untuk memperkaya hasil penelitian sebelumnya, dimana sebagian besar mengasumsikan dampak aglomerasi adalah sama untuk semua sektor. Dengan menggunakan metode regresi Generalized Least Square (GLS), penelitian ini berhasil membuktikan adanya pengaruh posistif aglomerasi terhadap penyebaran FDI. Spesialisasi industri di suatu lokasi meningkatkan daya Tarik lokasi tersebut bagi masuknya FDI. Selain faktor aglomerasi, faktor-faktor lain yang mempengaruhi persebaran FDI di industri manufaktur Indonesia adalah PDRB per kapita, intensitas capital, tingkat upah, dan produktivitas tenaga kerja.

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