Abstract
Transfer Pricing refers to pricing transaction within and between enterprises situated in different countries and belong to the same multinational group. Cross-border transaction inevitably affects international taxation, especially when multinational enterprises encounter two or more countries that apply different tax collection systems. Consequently, a Tax Treaty (Perjanjian Penghindaran Pajak Berganda/P3B) is made to resolve issues involving double taxation. However, since the Tax Treaty’s benefits vary by country, the investors or companies tend to abuse the agreement in order to gain the most profitable benefits or incentives. Abusing the benefits of Tax Treaty (P3B) could be categorized as an act against the law if solely done to avoid tax since it contradicts with the purpose of why the Tax Treaty (P3B) was made. This research examines the effects and impacts of cross-border transfer pricing on state revenue, how the international and national taxations rule the transfer pricing activities especially in Indonesia, understanding opportunities for individuals/companies to perform tax avoidance and the ideal policy and handling to optimize state revenue from tax avoidance through cross-border transfer pricing compared to Japan’s policy.
Keywords: Cross-border Transfer Pricing, Tax Avoidance, International Taxation.
Bahasa Abstract
Transfer Pricing merupakan istilah yang digunakan untuk menggambarkan penetapan harga transaksi yang terjadi antara perusahaan-perusahaan yang berada di berbagai negara dan merupakan bagian dari grup multinasional yang sama. Tentunya, transaksi yang melewati batas negara (cross-border) mempunyai dampak atas pajak internasional, terutama apabila perusahaan multinasional tersebut berhadapan dengan dua negara atau lebih yang memiliki sistem pemungutan pajak yang berbeda. Sehingga, untuk menghindari adanya pajak berganda/double taxation, maka dibentuknya Perjanjian Penghindaran Pajak Berganda (P3B/Tax Treaty). Tetapi, bervariasinya manfaat dari P3B antar negara justru mendorong investor atau perusahaan-perusahaan menyalahgunakan (abuse) perjanjian tersebut untuk mendapatkan manfaat ataupun insentif yang paling menguntungkan. Perbuatan itu dapat dikategorikan sebagai perbuatan melawan hukum apabila semata-mata dilakukan untuk menghindari pajak/tax avoidance melalui manfaat-manfaat P3B yang bertentangan dengan tujuan dibentuknya P3B itu sendiri. Dalam penelitian ini akan ditelusuri bagaimana pengaruh dan dampak cross-border transfer pricing terhadap penerimaan negara, bagaimana perpajakan internasional dan nasional terutama di Indonesia mengatur kegiatan transfer pricing, mengetahui bagaimana hal tersebut menjadi peluang bagi individu/perusahaan dalam melakukan tindakan tax avoidance serta bagaimana penanganan dan kebijakan yang ideal dalam memaksimalkan pendapatan negara dari tindakan tax avoidance melalui cross-border transfer pricing tersebut dengan membandingkannya terhadap kebijakan Jepang.
Kata Kunci: Transfer Pricing, Tax Avoidance, Pajak Internasional
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Recommended Citation
Rigby Bangun, Elleanor
(2023)
"CROSS-BORDER TRANSFER PRICING SEBAGAI TINDAKAN TAX AVOIDANCE,"
"Dharmasisya” Jurnal Program Magister Hukum FHUI: Vol. 2, Article 39.
Available at:
https://scholarhub.ui.ac.id/dharmasisya/vol2/iss3/39
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